Table 1 Characteristics of Participants by Leadership Role
Characteristic | Total | No Leadership (NL) | Academic Director (AD) | Clinical Director (CD) | Program Director (PD) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
# (%) | # (%) | # (%) | # (%) | |||
956 | 472 (49.4) | 95 (9.9) | 156 (16.3) | 233 (24.4) | ||
Has a doctorate | < 0.0001 | |||||
No | 771 (80.8) | 407 (52.8) | 76 ( 9.9) | 142 (18.4) | 146 (18.9) | |
Yes | 184 (19.3) | 65 (35.3) | 19 (10.3) | 13 ( 7.1) | 87 (47.3) | |
Decade of first NCCPA certification | < 0.0001 | |||||
1970s/80s | 99 (10.7) | 39 (39.4) | 13 (13.1) | 11 (11.1) | 36 (36.4) | |
1990s | 222 (24.1) | 83 (37.4) | 23 (10.4) | 30 (13.5) | 86 (38.7) | |
2000s | 397 (43.1) | 203 (51.1) | 39 ( 9.8) | 71 (17.9) | 84 (21.2) | |
2010s | 204 (22.1) | 131 (64.2) | 17 ( 8.3) | 37 (18.1) | 19 ( 9.3) | |
Gender | 0.0279 | |||||
Male | 270 (28.8) | 128 (47.4) | 23 ( 8.5) | 36 (13.3) | 83 (30.7) | |
Female | 667 (71.2) | 336 (50.4) | 69 (10.3) | 116 (17.4) | 146 (21.9) | |
Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
White | 817 (85.5) | 405 (49.6) | 84 (10.3) | 131 (16.0) | 197 (24.3) | |
Asian | 19 (2.0) | 10 (52.6) | 1 ( 5.3) | 4 (21.1) | 4 (24.1) | |
African American | 38 (4.0) | 17 (44.7) | 6 (15.8) | 6 (15.8) | 9 (23.7) | |
Hispanic | 36 (3.8) | 17 (47.2) | 3 (8.3) | 7 (19.4) | 9 (25.0) | |
NHPI/AIAN | 8 (0.8) | 4 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (12.5) | 3 (1.3) | |
Other or no answer | 38 (4.0) | 19 (50.0) | 1 (2.6) | 7 ( 18.4) | 11 (29.0) | |
Under-represented status in medicine | 0.9523 | |||||
Non-UR in medicine | 831 (91.0) | 413 (49.7) | 84 (10.1) | 134 (16.1) | 200 (24.1) | |
UR in medicine | 82 (9.0) | 38 (46.3) | 9 (11.0) | 14 (17.1) | 21 (25.6) | |
Tenure status | < 0.0001 | |||||
Not tenure track | 762 (79.7) | 384 (50.4) | 74 ( 9.7) | 130 (17.1) | 174 (22.8) | |
Tenure track, not tenured | 137 (14.3) | 67 (48.9) | 19 (13.9) | 24 (17.5) | 27 (19.7) | |
Tenured | 57 (6.0) | 21 (36.8) | 2 ( 3.5) | 2 ( 3.5) | 32 (56.1) | |
Ever published | < 0.0001 | |||||
No | 460 (49.4) | 266 (57.8) | 42 ( 9.1) | 93 (20.2) | 59 (12.8) | |
Yes | 472 (50.6) | 195 (41.3) | 51 (10.8) | 56 (11.9) | 170 (36.0) | |
Received research funding in last 3 years | 0.0357 | |||||
No | 819 (85.7) | 412 (50.3) | 87 (10.6) | 132 (16.1) | 188 (23.0) | |
Yes | 137 (14.3) | 60 (43.8) | 8 ( 5.8) | 24 (17.5) | 45 (32.8) | |
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p value | |
Age | 45.6 ± 10.2 | 46.3 ± 10.0 | 43.8 ± 9.8 | 44.0 ± 10.3 | 50.1 ± 9.5 | < 0.0001 |
Years in PA Education | 2.9 ± 1.4 | 3.2 ± 1.3 | 2.5 ± 1.3 | 2.6 ± 1.3 | 3.9 ± 1.1 | < 0.0001 |
Years at Current Program | 2.5 ± 1.3 | 2.6 ± 1.2 | 2.2 ± 1.3 | 2.3 ± 1.2 | 3.1 ± 1.2 | < 0.0001 |