Table 4 Reported limitations of included studies

Limited sample size

[26], [28], [31], [33], [34]

Generalization of the findings is limited

[27], [28], [32], [33], [34], [35]

Short period of learning (Limited timeframe)

[26], [32]

Long-term effects of the study intervention were not measured

[30]

Impossibility of random allocation of individual participants

[30]

Analysis is limited to post-test

[34]

Setting inclusion criteria for sample size

[35]

Not blinding the participants to the intervention

[35]

Unawareness about the technical aspects

participants ‘reluctance to use

[29]

The pre-knowledge levels for CPR in the two groups differed

[27]

The app was developed for Android operating system and has not yet be implemented on iOS devices

[26]