Table 3 Multilevel linear regression of personal or environmental factors associated with J-PCOS

Individual variables

 Gender (Ref: Male)

  Female

1.07 (-1.03 to 3.17)

  Others

-3.54 (-12.48 to 5.39)

 Level of training (Ref: PGY 1–2)

  PGY 3–6

8.64** (6.18 to 11.09)

 Department (Ref: Surgery)

  Internal medicine

1.00 (-2.49 to 4.50)

  Other departments

1.47 (-2.03 to 4.96)

Unit variables

 Hospital size (Ref: ≥ 1001 beds)

  ≤ 500 beds

-1.24 (-5.67 to 3.19)

  501–800 beds

-2.40 (-7.47 to 2.67)

  801–1000 beds

-3.42 (-9.87 to 3.03)

 Hospital type (Ref: University hospital)

  Community hospital

-1.03 (-5.67 to 3.62)

 Medical care system (Ref: Multiple shujii system (team system))

  Single shujii system

1.46 (-0.86 to 3.79)

 Number of team members (Ref: ≥ 7)

  ≤ 2

0.11 (-3.24 to 3.45)

  3–4

-1.00 (-4.06 to 2.05)

  5–6

-0.76 (-4.12 to 2.60)

 Number of inpatients in charge (Ref: ≤ 3)

  4–6

-0.23 (-2.66 to 2.21)

  7–9

1.78 (-1.52 to 5.09)

  ≥ 10

1.76 (-1.24 to 4.77)

 Average working hours per week

0.02 (-0.06 to 0.11)

 Number of calls during off-hours per month (Ref: 0)

  ≥ 1

2.51* (0.17 to 4.85)

 Perceived level of the workplace as a learning environment

1.39** (0.88 to 1.90)