Point-of-care ultrasound training for residents in anaesthesia and critical care: results of a national survey comparing residents and training program directors’ perspectives

Table 1 Teaching tools adopted for different ultrasound techniques

	Bedside teaching			Online modules			Classroom lessons			Simulation			Research			None			Not yet encountered in my training
	R	D	P value	R	D	P value	R	D	P value	R	D	P value	R	D	P value	R	D	P value	R
VA	520 (93.2)	21 (95.5)	1.000	22 (3.9)	2 (9.1)	0.230	204 (36.6)	18 (81.8)	< 0.001	107 (19.2)	10 (45.5)	0.006	34 (6.1)	7 (31.8)	< 0.001	19 (3.49)	0 (0.0)	1.000	13
LUS	426 (84.4)	18 (81.8)	0.764	36 (7.1)	0 (0.0)	0.388	232 (45.9)	15 (68.2)	0.049	67 (13.3)	6 (27.3)	0.104	88 (17.4)	11 (50.0)	0.001	29 (5.7)	1 (4.5)	1.000	66
TTE	356 (74.3)	20 (90.9)	0.127	27 (5.6)	0 (0.0)	0.623	205 (42.8)	14 (63.6)	0.077	43 (9.0)	4 (18.2)	0.141	40 (8.4)	5 (22.7)	0.038	60 (12.5)	0 (0.0)	0.097	92
FAST	259 (57.9)	19 (86.4)	0.007	25 (5.6)	0 (0.0)	0.621	130 (29.1)	15 (68.2)	< 0.001	43 (9.6)	6 (27.3)	0.019	11 (2.5)	2 (9.1)	0.120	119 (26.6)	1 (4.5)	0.022	124
TCD	256 (61.8)	15 (68.2)	0.655	27 (6.5)	0 (0.0)	0.384	123 (29.7)	14 (63.6)	0.002	22 (5.3)	4 (18.2)	0.035	33 (8.0)	6 (27.3)	0.009	102 (24.6)	3 (13.6)	0.312	157
RA	459 (86.4)	22 (100)	0.097	36 (6.8)	1 (4.5)	1.000	289 (54.4)	19 (86.4)	0.003	87 (16.4)	5 (22.7)	0.390	35 (6.6)	7 (31.8)	0.001	25 (4.7)	0 (0.0)	0.616	40
DUS	266 (59.4)	18 (81.8)	0.043	31 (6.9)	1 (4.5)	1.000	151 (33.7)	14 (63.6)	0.006	39 (5.7)	3 (13.6)	0.434	92 (20.5)	14 (63.6)	< 0.001	108 (24.1)	3 (13.6)	0.315	123

Data are displayed as values (percentage). In bold: statistically significant p values for comparison between residents and directors for each ultrasound technique and teaching tool; Fisher exact and percentages were computed excluding those answering: “Not yet encountered in my training” in residents’ answers
R Residents, D Directors, VA Vascular access, LUS Lung ultrasound, TTE Transthoracic echocardiography, FAST Focused assessment with sonography in trauma, TCD Transcranial Doppler, RA Regional anaesthesia, DUS Diaphragm ultrasound

ISSN: 1472-6920