Comparison of the effectiveness of the electronic portfolio and online discussion forum methods in teaching professional belonging and ethical behaviors to nursing students: a randomized controlled trial

Table 3 Comparison of the mean score of professional belonging in the three study groups by test stage (n = 90)

Study groups	Variables	Mean ± SD			F	P-value
Study groups	Variables	Control group	Electronic Portfolio group	Online Discussion Forum group	F	P-value
Pretest	Professional belonging	108.20 ± 26.63	107.17 ± 26.69	111.28 ± 12.43	0.55	0.57
Pretest	Ethical behavior	90.8 ± 12.5	89.8 ± 11.8	80.7 ± 21	0.75	0.1
Immediately after the intervention	Professional belonging	108.18 ± 48.9	102.7 ± 7.32	89.9 ± 44.66	13.88	< 0.001
Immediately after the intervention	Ethical behavior	90.4 ± 11.2	99.9 ± 3.3	101 ± 4.4	19.9	< 0.001
Four weeks after the intervention	Professional belonging	108.06 ± 18	101.5 ± 78.92	84.9 ± 5.01	24.60	< 0.001
Four weeks after the intervention	Ethical behavior	90.8 ± 11.2	101 ± 2.2	104.2 ± 0.8	27.1	< 0.001

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