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Table 2 Study characteristics and risk of bias assessment

From: Adaptations in clinical examinations of medical students in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review

Author(s)

Publication date

Type of study

Geographical location

Medical School

Type of clinical examination

In-person or online examination

Number of candidates; stations

Pa

S

R

E

Adeleke et al. [41]

1.12.20

Published case report

South Africa

Walter Sisulu University

6th year family and rural health OSCE

In-person

-;-

H

U

U

L

Ashokka et al. [42, 43]

13.5.20

27.5.20

Published case report

Webinar

Singapore

National University Health System

OSCE

In-person

-;-

H

L

U

L

Bastanhagh et al. [38]

17.11.20

Published case report

Iran

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

OSCE

In-person

-;-

U

L

L

U

Bauer et al. [44]

3.12.20

Published case report

Switzerland

University of Bern

3rd year OSCE

In-person

-;-

H

H

U

H

Boursicot et al. [35]

27.3.20

Published case report

Singapore

Duke-National University Singapore Medical School

Final year (graduate medicine) OSCE

In-person

-;-

H

H

H

H

Canning et al. [36]

19.8.20

Published case report

Singapore

Duke-National University Singapore Medical School

Supplementary final year (graduate medicine) OSCE

In-person

-;-

H

H

H

H

Fritsche et al. [45]

3.12.20

Pre-print case report

Germany

Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenburg, Medizinische Fasultät

6th year M3 structured examination (German state licencing examination)

In-person

-;-

U

H

U

U

Lee et al. [46]

2.2.21

Published commentary case report

Hong Kong

The University of Hong Kong, department of medicine

Final year OSCE

In-person

-;-

H

H

U

H

Lee et al. [47]

16.7.20

Pre-print case report

Hong Kong

Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Honk Kong

Final year OSCE

In-person

-;-

H

U

U

U

Lengerke et al. [48]

3.12.20

Published case report

Germany

Hannover Medical School

2nd year OSCE

In-person

-; 8

H

U

U

U

Ngiam et al. [49]

18.10.20

Published short report

Singapore

Yoo Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore

Final year OSCE

In-person

-;-

H

U

U

U

Nourkami-Tutdibi et al. [50]

28.1.21

Published short report

Germany

Saarland University

Ultrasound and echocardiography course OSCE

In-person

45 in abdominal ultrasound group and 30 in echocardiography; -

H

U

U

U

Samaraseke et al. [40]

6.5.20

Published case report

Singapore

Yoo Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore

End of year OSCE

In-person

-;-

H

U

U

U

Wiedenman et al. [39]

6.4.21

Published case report

Germany

Universitätsklinikum Freiburg

Ophthalmology end of rotation OSCE

In-person

164; 3

U

L

L

U

Anraham et al. [51]

9.3.21

Published short report

Canada

University of Alberta

2nd year OSCE

Online

-; -

L

H

U

H

Blythe et al. [52]

20.4.21

Published case report

UK

Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry

Final year supplementary OSCEs

Online

9; 5

L

H

U

H

Boyle et al. [53]

18.12.20

Published case report

UK

School of Medicine, Nursing and Dentistry Glasgow

High stakes supplementary examinations OSCE

Online

-; -

L

H

U

H

Brown et al. [54]

11.8.21

Poster

UK

Bristol University

Psychiatry mock OSCE

Online

-;-

U

H

U

U

Conti et al. [55]

11.8.21

Poster

UK

Queens University Belfast

Final year psychiatry mock OSCE

Online

24; 4

U

U

U

U

Craig et al. [56]

5.7.20

Published case report

Canada

University of British Columbia

4th year supplementary OSCE

Online

4; 7

U

U

H

H

Faria et al. [57]

7.5.20

Published case report

Brazil

Centro Universitario Christus- Campus Parque Ecologico

3rd year OSCE

Online

-; 3

U

H

H

H

Farrell et al. [58]

17.5.21

Abstract pre-print

USA

Harvard Medical School

OSCE

Online

160; 2

U

H

H

H

Gracía-Seoane et al. [59]

5.2.21

Pre-print case report

Spain

16 Spanish participating Medical Schools

Final year OSCE

Online

2829; 10

U

H

U

H

Hamdy et al. [60]

15.06.21

Published case report

UAE

Gulf Medical School

Final year VICEE

Online

61; 5

U

H

U

H

Hannon et al. [61]

16.5.20

Published case report

USA

School of Medicine, University of Utah

Surgery, medicine and neurology clerkship OSCEs

Online

49; 2

U

H

H

H

Hopwood et al. [62]

20.10.20

Published case report

UK

University College London Medical School

OSCE

Online

-; 18

U

H

H

H

Lara et al. [63]

20.8.20

Published case report

USA

Uniformed Services University Betheseda

Paediatric clerkship OSCE

Online

49; 4

U

H

H

U

Major et al. [64]

24.4.20

Published in practise report

Qatar

Weill Cornell Medical School

3rd year women’s reproductive and sexual health OSCE

Online

9; -

U

H

H

H

Martinez et al. [65]

24.8.20

Published case report

USA

Florida Atlantic University Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine

1st year OSCE

Online

47; -

U

L

L

H

Ryan et al. [66]

30.9.20

Published case report

Australia

University of Melbourne Doctor of Medicine program

2nd year (graduate medical students) OSCE

Online

361; 2

U

H

H

H

Setiawan et al. [67]

27.7.21

Published case report

Indonesia

Sultan Agung Islamic University

4th and 5th year surgical OSCE

Online

270; -

U

U

U

L

Shaban et al. [68]

26.09.21

Published case report

UAE

United Arab Emirates University

3rd, 4th and 6th year end of year OSCEs

Online

3rd year: 80,10

4th year: 69,9

6th year: 73,10

U

U

U

L

Shaiba et al. [69]

26.07.2021

Published case report

Saudi Arabia

College of Medicine, King Saud University

Paediatric OSCE for final year students

Online

-;-

U

U

U

L

Shehata et al. [70]

16.10.20

Published case report

Kingdom of Bahrain

College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University

OSCE

Online

3; 8

U

U

H

H

Shorbagi et al. [37]

27.7.21

Pre-print case report

UAE

University of Sharjah

End of clerkship OSCE

Online

105–108; -

H

H

H

H

Stewart et al. [71]

14.1.21

Published case report

UK

University of Buckingham

Final year supplementary OSCE

Online

-; -

U

H

U

H

  1. aP = underpinning bias, S = setting bias, R = resource bias, E = evaluation bias
  2. H = high quality; U = unclear quality; L = low quality