Table 2 Hygienic venipuncture of medical students after the first and second lockdown in Germany during 2020–2021 (N = 371)
First lockdown | Second lockdown | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Number of participants | (N = 180) | (N = 191) | |
Scores for other stations | |||
Relative OSCE Score | 68.23 ± 6.46 | 66.1 ± 7.75 | .003 |
Relative score venipuncture | 74.86 ± 11.3 | 73.89 ± 18.23 | .833 |
Doctor-patient communication | |||
The patient is not informed about the procedure | 39 (21.7) | 57 (29.8) | .073 |
The patient is informed about the procedure | 141 (78.3) | 134 (70.2) | |
Preparation of the material | |||
More than one material or the sharp-safe is missing | 78 (43.3) | 48 (25.1) | < .001 |
At least one material is missing | 22 (12.2) | 22 (11.5) | |
Complete and correct preparation of the material | 80 (44.4) | 121 (63.4) | |
Hygienic hand disinfection and medical gloves prior to patient contact | |||
Neither hygienic hand disinfection nor medical gloves | 1 (0.6) | 2 (1) | .412 |
Medical gloves without prior hand disinfection | 10 (5.6) | 6 (3.1) | |
Hand disinfection and medical gloves | 169 (93.9) | 183 (95.8) | |
Tourniquet usage | |||
The tourniquet is not applied or disposed of correctly | 4 (2.2) | 12 (6.3) | .354 |
tourniquet is not applied, while the needle is pulled before disposing of the tourniquet | 54 (30) | 56 (29.3) | |
The tourniquet is applied and disposed in the correct manner | 122 (67.8) | 123 (64.4) | |
Disinfection of the puncture site | |||
The puncture site is not disinfected, or it is palpated after the disinfection and prior to the venipuncture | 12 (6.7) | 15 (7.9) | .661 |
The puncture site is correctly disinfected | 168 (93.3) | 176 (92.1) | |
Exposure time of the disinfectant | |||
30 seconds exposure time is not considered | 6 (3.3) | 3 (1.6) | .271 |
30 seconds exposure time is considered | 174 (96.7) | 188 (98.4) | |
Hygienic needle | |||
The needle is not sterile or is curved | 28 (15.6) | 32 (16.8) | .754 |
The needle is sterile and not curved | 152 (84.4) | 159 (83.2) | |
Correct venipuncture | |||
The vein is not punctured | 31 (17.2) | 58 (30.9) | < .001 |
The vein is punctured the second time | 62 (34.4) | 78 (40.8) | |
The vein is punctured the first time | 87 (48.3) | 54 (28.3) | |
Discarding the puncture needle | |||
The needle is not discarded correctly | 71 (39.4) | 94 (49.2) | .256 |
The needle is discarded immediately but not correctly | 36 (20) | 21 (11) | |
The needle is discarded immediately and correctly | 73 (40.6) | 76 (39.8) | |
Hand disinfection after discarding the medical gloves | |||
Hands are not disinfected after discarding the medical gloves | 94 (52.2) | 65 (34) | < .001 |
Hands are disinfected after discarding the medical gloves | 86 (47.8) | 126 (66) | |
Structure in the work process | |||
The work process is not structured | 5 (2.8) | 20 (10.5) | < .001 |
The work process is partly structured | 37 (20.6) | 59 (30.9) | |
The work process is structured | 138 (76.7) | 112 (58.6) | |