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Table 1 PICOs, inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria applied to database search

From: The role of mentoring, supervision, coaching, teaching and instruction on professional identity formation: a systematic scoping review

PICOS

Inclusion Criteria

Exclusion Criteria

Population

• Junior physicians, residents, and medical students

Allied health specialties such as dietetics, nursing, psychology, chiropractic, midwifery, social work

Specialists, consultants, attendings and physicians not in training programs

Non-medical specialties such as clinical and translational science, veterinary, dentistry

Intervention

• All forms of mentoring and

o Mentoring processes

o Mentor factors

o Mentee factors

o Mentoring relationship

o Host organization

o Outcomes of mentoring

o Barriers to mentoring

o Mentoring structure

o Mentoring framework

o Mentoring culture

o Mentoring environment

• Educational roles of mentoring: Supervision, coaching, role-modelling, teaching, and tutoring

 

Comparison

• Comparisons accounts of mentoring between mentoring programs, editorials, and perspective, reflective, narratives and opinions pieces

 

Outcome

• Personal outcomes of mentoring such as values, beliefs, identity as a medical professional etc

• Professional development outcomes such as on career choices (including academia positions/careers)

• Papers that did not discuss impact of mentoring on personal or professional development outcomes

Study design

• All study designs are included

o Descriptive papers

o Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed study methods

o Systematic review, literature reviews, and narrative reviews

• Perspectives, opinion, commentary pieces, and editorials

• Year: 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2020

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