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Table 3 Distribution of JSE-S empathy scores: mean and standard deviation (SD), median and interquartile range (IQR), and range (minimum–maximum)

From: A cross-sectional study of student empathy across four medical schools in Denmark—associations between empathy level and age, sex, specialty preferences and motivation

Variable

N

Mean (SD)

Median (IQR)

Range

All

672

112.7 (10.8)

113.0 (106.7–120.0)

51.0 to 139.0

University

 AAU

64

112.8 (10.0)

113.0 (106.5–119.0)

91.0 to 134.0

 AU

213

113.2 (10.0)

114.0 (107.0–120.0)

82.0 to 136.0

 KU

164

112.6 (11.8)

113.0 (106.2–121.0)

51.0 to 139.0

 SDU

231

112.3 (10.9)

112.0 (106.0–120.0)

66.0 to 134.0

Sex

 Male

165

110.0 (10.7)

111.0 (104.0–117.0)

66.0 to 131.0

 Female

507

113.6 (10.6)

114.0 (107.0–121.0)

51.0 to 139.0

Age categories

 18–24 years old

434

112.5 (10.4)

113.0 (107.0–120.0)

66.0 to 136.0

 25 + 

238

113.1 (11.4)

114.0 (106.0–121.0)

51.0 to 139.0

Educational year

 1st

280

112.3 (11.6)

113.0 (106.0–120.0)

51.0 to 136.0

 3rd

212

113.0 (9.5)

113.0 (108.0–119.0)

79.0 to 134.0

 6th

180

113.1 (10.8)

113.3 (106.0–121.0)

82.0 to 139.0

Living situation

 Alone

177

111.4 (11.7)

112.0 (106.0–118.0)

51.0 to 134.0

 With spouse/partner

238

114.2 (10.2)

114.0 (107.0–122.0)

82.0 to 139.0

 With others

257

112.2 (10.5)

112.0 (107.0–119.0)

66.0 to 136.0

Parental status: children

 Yes

32

113.7 (11.2)

112.0 (108.0–121.5)

90.0 to 134.0

 No

640

112.7 (10.8)

113.0 (106.2–120.0)

51.0 to 139.0

Specialty preference

 General practice

111

115.5 (8.8)

116.0 (110.0–121.0)

91.0 to 134.0

 Anesthesiology

46

110.6 (10.0)

110.5 (105.0–117.0)

82.0 to 134.0

 Dermatology and venerology

8

112.1 (7.7)

110.5 (108.0–118.5)

100.0 to 123.0

 Endocrinology

13

113.3 (13.2)

112.0 (106.0–125.0)

84.0 to 130.0

 Gynecology/obstetrics

52

114.6 (11.5)

115.5 (106.0–124.0)

93.0 to 136.0

 Infection medicine

10

112.9 (8.8)

112.5 (110.0–121.0)

96.0 to 127.0

 Cardiology

14

109.4 (14.5)

111.5 (98.0–120.0)

82.0 to 132.0

 Surgery

46

108.7 (10.1)

111.0 (102.0–116.0)

83.0 to 126.0

 Neurosurgery

14

108.3 (17.7)

115.0 (105.0–118.0)

51.0 to 120.0

 Neurology

19

112.3 (9.5)

113.0 (104.0–117.0)

95.0 to 128.0

 Oncology

8

112.6 (10.9)

113.0 (108.5–116.5)

93.0 to 132.0

 Ortopedic surgery

23

109.9 (13.5)

113.0 (105.0–118.0)

66.0 to 128.0

 Psychiatry

23

119.7 (9.5)

122.0 (114.0–127.0)

97.0 to 131.0

 Pediatrics

64

116.6 (8.8)

118.0 (109.5–123.0)

98.0 to 139.0

 Thoracic surgery, cardiac surgery

9

103.7 (11.7)

109.0 (93.0–114.0)

88.0 to 117.0

 Less frequent category, N < 10

67

111.0 (11.5)

109.0 (104.0–119.0)

66.0 to 133.0

 Missing

145

111.6 (10.1)

112.0 (105.3–118.0)

79.0 to 133.0

Motivations

 Biology (yes)

412

112.9 (10.0)

113.0 (107.0–120.0)

66.0 to 136.0

 Prestige (yes)

90

112.0 (10.2)

112.0 (106.0–119.0)

88.0 to 134.0

 Helping others (yes)

411

113.0 (10.4)

113.0 (107.0–120.0)

51.0 to 139.0

 Personal experiences (yes)

100

114.7 (10.6)

116.0 (110.0–122.0)

66.0 to 132.0

 At least one motivation stated

606

113.1 (10.7)

113.3 (107.0–120.0)

51.0 to 139.0

 None stated

66

109.4 (11.3)

110.0 (103.0–118.0)

79.0 to 134.0