Parental care and depressive symptoms among Chinese medical students: roles of empathy and gender

Geng, Yiran; Fei, Wenjing; Tang, Zhengyu; Wang, Shaishai; Yu, Jiachun; Zhang, Ming; Zhang, Tianyang

doi:10.1186/s12909-022-03524-2

BMC Medical Education

Table 1 Characteristics of study variables among medical students by demographic factors (M ± SD) (n = 924)

From: Parental care and depressive symptoms among Chinese medical students: roles of empathy and gender

	n	Perspective taking	Compassionate care	Depressive symptoms	Anxiety	Maternal care	Maternal encourage	Maternal control	Paternal care	Paternal encourage	Paternal control
Gender		0.57	<0.001	0.07	0.99	0.99	<0.01	0.06	0.69	0.94	0.46
Male	289	66.92 ± 9.05	38.12 ± 7.08	34.72 ± 8.39	32.19 ± 8.39	24.62 ± 5.13	12.09 ± 3.80	6.34 ± 2.93	20.51 ± 6.25	11.36 ± 3.54	5.20 ± 2.82
Female	635	67.26 ± 8.00	39.67 ± 5.89	35.79 ± 8.12	32.20 ± 7.56	24.66 ± 5.08	12.84 ± 3.53	5.97 ± 2.68	20.69 ± 6.43	11.34 ± 3.59	5.35 ± 2.70
Onlychild		0.95	0.19	0.38	0.15	<0.001	0.28	<0.01	<0.001	<0.001	<0.05
Yes	597	67.17 ± 8.59	38.98 ± 6.55	35.28 ± 8.35	31.93 ± 7.79	25.09 ± 5.04	12.70 ± 3.69	6.30 ± 2.90	21.25 ± 5.74	11.67 ± 3.20	5.45 ± 2.71
No	327	67.13 ± 7.88	9.55 ± 5.88	35.78 ± 7.97	32.69 ± 7.89	23.84 ± 5.09	12.43 ± 3.52	5.70 ± 2.47	19.53 ± 7.27	10.75 ± 4.11	5.03 ± 2.76
Friend		<0.05	0.50	<0.001	<0.01	<0.001	<0.01	0.18	0.11	0.3	0.83
Yes	859	67.31 ± 8.26	39.22 ± 6.40	35.17 ± 8.09	32.02 ± 7.75	24.80 ± 4.99	12.69 ± 3.60	6.05 ± 2.75	20.73 ± 6.35	11.38 ± 3.57	5.31 ± 2.75
No	65	65.02 ± 9.16	38.68 ± 5.08	9.19 ± 9.07	34.55 ± 8.50	22.68 ± 5.96	11.52 ± 3.86	6.52 ± 2.94	19.42 ± 6.64	10.91 ± 3.66	5.23 ± 2.61
Sport		<0.001	0.33	<0.001	0.09	0.14	0.95	0.29	0.33	0.90	0.48
Yes	632	67.88 ± 8.13	39.32 ± 6.35	34.58 ± 7.94	31.90 ± 7.69	24.82 ± 4.89	12.60 ± 3.60	6.15 ± 2.77	20.78 ± 6.41	11.36 ± 3.60	5.35 ± 2.81
No	292	65.58 ± 8.54	38.89 ± 6.26	37.36 ± 8.50	32.84 ± 8.09	24.28 ± 5.49	12.62 ± 3.70	5.94 ± 2.75	20.34 ± 6.29	11.33 ± 3.54	5.21 ± 2.58
Grade		<0.01	<0.001	<0.01	<0.05	<0.05	0.16	0.62	0.17	0.79	0.12
2020	159	69.11 ± 7.99	39.15 ± 6.39	33.34 ± 7.73	30.58 ± 6.89	25.69 ± 4.52	12.96 ± 3.47	5.98 ± 2.64	21.43 ± 6.17	11.57 ± 3.50	5.28 ± 2.77
2019	225	67.04 ± 8.21	38.17 ± 6.67	36.32 ± 8.61	33.05 ± 8.69	24.72 ± 5.11	12.98 ± 3.40	6.00 ± 2.80	20.72 ± 6.56	11.44 ± 3.57	5.32 ± 2.73
2018	212	67.49 ± 9.23	40.35 ± 5.99	35.63 ± 7.75	32.16 ± 7.93	24.54 ± 5.29	12.31 ± 3.80	6.14 ± 2.92	20.18 ± 6.82	11.15 ± 3.85	5.00 ± 2.68
2017	188	66.51 ± 7.83	39.95 ± 5.63	36.02 ± 8.37	32.14 ± 7.42	23.80 ± 5.40	12.36 ± 3.81	5.97 ± 2.59	19.98 ± 6.29	11.22 ± 3.52	5.27 ± 2.70
2016	140	65.46 ± 7.80	38.04 ± 6.63	35.46 ± 8.28	32.79 ± 7.56	24.66 ± 4.79	12.40 ± 3.62	6.40 ± 2.87	21.16 ± 5.60	11.43 ± 3.33	5.81 ± 2.80
E-time		<0.05	0.17	<0.001	<0.001	0.55	0.61	0.28	0.53	0.62	0.34
1 h ≤ Time ≤ 3 h	116	69.04 ± 8.59	40.21 ± 6.67	33.41 ± 8.66	30.93 ± 7.33	25.17 ± 5.34	12.67 ± 3.52	6.13 ± 2.73	20.54 ± 6.83	11.46 ± 3.81	5.35 ± 3.04
4 h ≤ Time ≤ 5 h	281	67.60 ± 7.99	38.96 ± 6.24	34.47 ± 7.39	31.03 ± 7.03	24.77 ± 4.85	12.82 ± 3.58	5.86 ± 2.64	21.03 ± 6.17	11.51 ± 3.46	5.02 ± 2.50
6 h ≤ Time ≤ 7 h	228	67.12 ± 7.58	39.42 ± 6.42	35.58 ± 8.02	32.50 ± 7.82	24.65 ± 4.91	12.63 ± 3.36	5.99 ± 2.76	20.54 ± 6.39	11.18 ± 3.65	5.41 ± 2.97
Time ≥ 8 h	299	66.10 ± 9.04	38.92 ± 6.06	37.04 ± 8.68	33.49 ± 8.54	24.38 ± 5.38	12.35 ± 3.92	6.35 ± 2.89	20.45 ± 6.34	11.32 ± 3.53	5.46 ± 2.62

E-time = new media screen time, M ± SD = Mean score ± standard deviation

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