Table 3 Statistical outputs on time and error measures compared between 3 different acoustic conditions. Surgical performance under three auditory conditions

Object Transportation (OT)

Total OT time (s)

65.9 ± 17.8

74.9 ± 19.9

90.4 ± 24.1

20.3

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.066

< 0.001

Subtask A Time (s)

34.2 ± 8.8

39.6 ± 12.2

48.2 ± 14.7

19.3

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.054

< 0.001

Subtask B Time (s)

17.9 ± 5.4

20.0 ± 6.0

25.3 ± 9.3

16.4

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.342

< 0.001

Subtask C Time (s)

7.8 ± 3.3

8.5 ± 3.1

9.7 ± 3.4

5.4

0.006

0.005

0.784

0.113

Penalty Operator OT

6.3 ± 0.8

6.9 ± 2.6

6.6 ± 2.1

1.1

0.329

0.935

0.411

0.877

Penalty Team OT

59.2 ± 23.2

61.2 ± 24.3

68.4 ± 27.9

2.1

0.126

0.161

0.914

0.382

Total OT Score

131.4 ± 33.7

142.9 ± 36.3

165.4 ± 43.7

11.7

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.328

0.006

Normalized OT Score

66.3 ± 8.6

63.4 ± 9.3

57.6 ± 11.2

11.7

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.324

0.006

Collaborative Suturing (CS)

Total Suture Time (s)

165.1 ± 41.5

210.4 ± 69.3

262.6 ± 92.7

26.873

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.002

< 0.001

Suture Preparation Time (s)

26.5 ± 9.8

40.1 ± 24.4

62.7 ± 45.3

20.826

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.052

< 0.001

Suture Needle time (s)

23.5 ± 10.7

30.7 ± 18.2

34.5 ± 33.3

3.431

0.035

0.032

0.277

0.73

1st Knot Time (s)

55.9 ± 25.8

69.3 ± 34.5

87.4 ± 45.9

10.810

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.148

0.026

2nd Knot Time (s)

26.7 ± 12.4

35.2 ± 17.8

38.9 ± 21.2

7.359

0.001

0.001

0.029

0.784

Cutting Time (s)

24.3 ± 9.7

24.7 ± 11.3

28.9 ± 12.1

3.107

0.047

0.046

0.976

0.127

Penalty Operator CS

9.7 ± 7.1

14.6 ± 9.1

21.2 ± 12.4

3.104

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.025

0.001

Penalty Team CS

41.1 ± 13.7

44.3 ± 14.7

48.3 ± 17.3

20.008

0.047

0.042

0.83

0.495

Penalty Total CS

53.7 ± 17.5

62.1 ± 20.1

73.3 ± 26.4

11.722

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.128

0.018

Total CS Score

218.8 ± 54.8

272.4 ± 84.14

335.9 ± 113.6

25.540

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.004

< 0.001

Normalized Suture Score

78.6 ± 5.4

73.4 ± 8.2

67.2 ± 11.1

25.540

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.004

< 0.001