Table 3 Social Determinants of Health Learning Objectives Level of Consensus
Learning Objective, N = 49 | Consensus reached to be learning objective | Consensus reached on where to be taught | |
|---|---|---|---|
1 | Define race, ethnicity and culture, and how they relate to health | Yes | UME |
2 | Describe examples of social determinants of health | Yes | UME |
3 | Describe the challenges in serving diverse communities | Yes | UME |
4 | Differentiate “equity” from “equality” | Yes | UME |
5 | Understand how common social needs can impact the health of an individual | Yes | UME |
6 | Characterize key areas of disparities at the level of an individual patient | Yes | Not achieved |
7 | Identify patterns of national data demonstrating health disparities | Yes | UME |
8 | Use national resources to support policies that are intended to improve health disparities (such as Healthy People 2020) | Not achieved | Not achieved |
9 | Develop the skills to critically appraise the literature on health disparities | Yes | UME |
10 | Utilize the available research on health disparities to change one’s practice | Yes | GME |
11 | Describe how social determinants of health fit into broader health care policy | Yes | UME |
12 | Recognize disparities of health that are amendable to intervention | Yes | UME |
13 | Develop strategies to promote the elimination of disparities | Yes | Not achieved |
14 | Among colleagues or other individuals, discuss barriers to eliminate health disparities | Yes | GME |
15 | Identify examples of cultural differences within one’s practice’s patient population | Yes | GME |
16 | Recognize patient’s health traditions and beliefs within one’s practice’s patient population | Yes | GME |
17 | Identify community leaders and key stakeholders | No | – |
18 | Collaborate with community leaders to propose a community-based health intervention | No | – |
19 | Utilize cross-cultural communication models | Yes | UME |
20 | Describe the medical neighborhood and the role of community-based organizations within it | Not achieved | Not achieved |
21 | Identify common social needs within the community served by one’s practice | Yes | GME |
22 | Recognize the prevalence of chronic diseases within the community served | Yes | GME |
23 | Identify several local community-based organizations that address specific social needs for patients | Yes | GME |
24 | Identify referral mechanisms for community-based organizations | Yes | GME |
25 | Demonstrate strategies to address/reduce bias in oneself | Yes | UME |
26 | Demonstrate strategies to reduce bias in others | Yes | UME |
27 | Utilize screening tools in your clinical setting to assess patients for social needs that impact health | Yes | GME |
28 | Understand the impact of social determinants of health on patients’ adherence to medical recommendations in one’s clinical setting | Yes | GME |
29 | In the clinical environment, use non-judgmental listening to health beliefs | Yes | UME |
30 | Demonstrate the ability to utilize an interpreter to maximize communication in one’s clinical setting | Yes | Not achieved |
31 | Identify examples of cultural differences within one’s patient population | Yes | Not achieved |
32 | Demonstrate respect and address cultural differences within one’s patient population | Yes | Not achieved |
33 | Identify resources within the health care system, clinical practice, school departments and infrastructure which can help address social determinants of health | Yes | GME |
34 | Recognize the impact of health policy on medicine and health outcomes | Yes | UME |
35 | Describe key features of the legislative process through which physicians can encourage equity and promote health | Not achieved | Not achieved |
36 | Utilize clinical resources to advocate for individual patients and families within clinical encounters | Yes | GME |
37 | Develop the skills to communicate with legislators via e-mail, letter writing, and in-person advocacy | No | – |
38 | Develop the skills to reflect upon one’s own beliefs | Yes | UME |
39 | Identify the value of addressing personal bias | Yes | UME |
40 | Define race and describe how racism and historical discrimination contribute to health disparities | Yes | UME |
41 | Define “privilege” as it is used in discussions of social and racial inequities and how it contributes to health disparities | Yes | UME |
42 | Describe the impact of health literacy on patient health and illness | Yes | UME |
43 | Create strategies to address health literacy in one’s clinical practice | Yes | GME |
44 | Define and identify microaggressions | Yes | UME |
45 | Develop strategies to prevent and address microaggressions in the clinical workplace | Yes | Not achieved |
46 | Define the concept of “identity” and the factors that contribute to forming one’s identity | Not achieved | Not achieved |
47 | Describe the importance of addressing prejudice as part of one’s professional responsibility | Yes | UME |
48 | Discuss social determinants of health with patients to facilitate care | Yes | Not achieved |
49 | Describe potential solutions to address healthcare disparities within one’s community | Yes | GME |