Variables | Category | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 15 - 19 years | 0.66 (0.25-1.78) | 0.49 (0.16-1.45) | 0.196 |
20 – 24 years | 0.49 (0.26-0.92) | 0.43 (0.22-0.91) | 0.026* | |
25 – 29 years | 1 | 1 | ||
Residence | Rural | 1 | 1 | 0.838 |
Urban | 1.44 (1.03-2.02) | 0.95 (0.58-1.54) | ||
Mothers’ education | No formal education | 1 | 1 | |
Primary | 1.22 (0.76-1.95) | 0.97 (0.54-1.74) | 0.912 | |
Secondary | 1.23 (0.76-1.99) | 1.01 (0.49-2.12) | 0.963 | |
College and above | 2.39 (1.47-3.89) | 1.58 (0.66-3.77) | 0.299 | |
Fathers’ education | No formal education | 1 | 1 | |
Primary | 1.49 (0.91-2.45) | 1.41 (0.81-2.45) | 0.227 | |
Secondary | 1.34 (0.78-2.28) | 1.05 (0.51-2.16) | 0.900 | |
College and above | 1.74 (1.16-2.60) | 1.28 (0.60-2.71) | 0.522 | |
Faculty | Medical/Health | 3.08 (1.91-4.96) | 2.46 (1.45-4.20) | 0.001* |
Non-medical/Health | 1 | 1 | ||
Mothers’ occupation | Housewife | 1 | 1 | |
Gov’t employee | 1.75 (1.06-2.90) | 1.08 (−.53-2.21) | 0.825 | |
Self-employed | 1.01 (0.67-1.53) | 0.76 (0.46-1.28) | 0.310 | |
Fathers’ occupation | Farmer | 1 | 1 | |
Gov’t employee | 1.45 (0.96-2.19) | 0.85 (0.44-1.64) | 0.630 | |
Self-employed | 1.34 (0.90-1.99) | 1.09 (0.63-1.91) | 0.755 | |
Alcohol consumption | Yes | 1 | 1 | |
No | 1.26 (0.88-1.81) | 1.20 (0.81-1.79) | 0.370 | |
Smoking | Yes | 1 | 1 | |
No | 3.86 (1.47-7.64) | 3.15 (1.21-7.30) | 0.025* | |
Khat use | Yes | 1 | 1 | |
No | 2.45 (0.99-6.01) | 1.91 (0.57-6.36) | 0.292 | |
Breakfast | Yes | 0.33 (0.09-1.15) | 0.40 (0.11-1.52) | 0.179 |
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Study hours per day | ≤ 4 hours | 1 | 1 | |
> 4 hours | 1.43 (1.02-2.00) | 1.29 (0.90-1.85) | 0.162 | |
Work after school or employed | Yes | 1 | 1 | |
No | 0.68 (0.37-1.24) | 0.67 (0.35-1.28) | 0.234 | |
English proficiency | Elementary level | 1 | 1 | |
Pre-intermediate level | 0.72 (0.41-1.25) | 0.69 (0.39-1.26) | 0.231 | |
Intermediate level | 1.26 (0.79-2.01) | 1.06 (0.64-1.75) | 0.809 | |
Upper-intermediate level | 2.35 (1.17-4.71) | 1.80 (0.84-3.85) | 0.130 | |
Advanced level | 2.58 (0.97-6.85) | 1.39 (0.47-4.11) | 0.551 |