Exploring culinary medicine as a promising method of nutritional education in medical school: a scoping review

Tan, Jacqueline; Atamanchuk, Levi; Rao, Tanish; Sato, Kenichi; Crowley, Jennifer; Ball, Lauren

doi:10.1186/s12909-022-03449-w

BMC Medical Education

Table 4 Cohort study appraisal

From: Exploring culinary medicine as a promising method of nutritional education in medical school: a scoping review

Criterion	Monlezun et al., 2015	Jaroudi et al., 2018	Monlezun et al., 2018	Lawrence et al., 2019	Hauser et al., 2019	Patnaik et al., 2020	Razavi et al., 2020
Did the study address a clearly focused issue?	Yes	Yes ^a	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Was the cohort recruited in an acceptable way?	Yes	Can't Tell ^b	Yes	Can't Tell ^a	Can't Tell ^a	Can't Tell ^b	Can't Tell ^b
Worth Continuing?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Was the exposure accurately measured to minimise bias?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Can't Tell ^b	Can't Tell ^b
Was the outcome accurately measured to minimise bias?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Can't Tell ^a	Can't Tell ^b	Can't Tell ^c
Have the authors identified all important confounding factors?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Can't Tell ^a	Yes	Yes
Have they taken account of the confounding factors in the design and/or analysis?	Yes	Can't Tell ^d	Yes	Can't Tell ^c/e	Can't Tell ^a	Yes	Yes
Was the follow up of subjects complete enough?	Yes	No	Can't Tell ^a	No	Can't Tell ^a	Can't Tell ^f	Can't Tell ^f
Was the follow up of subjects long enough?	Yes	Can't Tell ^a	Can't Tell ^a	Can't Tell ^a	Yes	Can't Tell ^f	Can't Tell ^f
Do you believe the results?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Can't Tell ^g/h	Yes	Yes
Can the results be applied to the local population?	Yes	No ^h/g	Yes	No ^h/g	Can't Tell ^g/h	Yes	Yes
Do the results of this study fit with other available evidence?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Uncertainty Score	0	7	2	7	7	5	5
Criterion	Magallanes et al., 2021	Leggett et al., 2021	Asano et al., 2021	D’adamo et al., 2021	Flynn et al., 2019	Musick et al., 2020	Kumra et al., 2021	Vanderpool et al., 2020
Did the study address a clearly focused issue?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Was the cohort recruited in an acceptable way?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Can't Tell ^b	Can't Tell ^b	Yes
Worth Continuing?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Was the exposure accurately measured to minimise bias?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Can't Tell ^b	Yes	Yes
Was the outcome accurately measured to minimise bias?	Yes	Can’t Tell ^a	Yes	Yes	Yes	Can't Tell ^a	Yes	Yes
Have the authors identified all important confounding factors?	Can’t Tell ^a	Can’t Tell ^a	Can’t Tell ^d	Can’t Tell ^a	No ^d	No ^f	No ^b/f	No ^b
Have they taken account of the confounding factors in the design and/or analysis?	No ^a	Yes	Can’t Tell ^a	Yes	No ^f	Can’t Tell ^a	Can’t Tell ^a	Yes
Was the follow up of subjects complete enough?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Was the follow up of subjects long enough?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Do you believe the results?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Can the results be applied to the local population?	Yes	Can’t Tell ^c	Yes	Yes	Yes	No ⁱ	Yes	No ^h
Do the results of this study fit with other available evidence?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Can’t Tell ^g	Yes	Yes
Uncertainty Score	3	3	1	1	4	9	4	4

Reasons: ^aNot reported, ^bSelection bias/Convenience sampling/Elective course, ^cPoorly designed surveys, ^dInadequate controlling for multiple confounders, ^eHigh attrition rate, ^fNot performed, ^gPoor overall quality of study, ^hLow sample size, ⁱPopulation difficult to reproduce

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ISSN: 1472-6920

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