Table 1 Main characteristics of the articles included in the reviewphase
Code | Title | Author | Year | Derived items to help finding uncertainty determinants |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Twelve tips for thriving in the face of clinical uncertainty | Gheihman et al. [20] | 2020 | -Everyone should know their reaction in cases of uncertainty - One must identify the type and source of uncertainty -Identify cognitive biases - Planning for uncertainty: Use a secure network and track - Do not worry about loneliness, rely on your colleagues - Culture building: a pattern of accepting the inherent uncertainty of clinical medicine -Promote curiosity among students more than certainty -Be clear about the level of uncertainty -Include uncertainty explicitly in medical education courses -Talk to patients about uncertainty in public -Use patients as allies in joint decision making |
2 | Decision-making under uncertainty in environmental health policy: newapproaches | Reis and Spencer [21] | 2019 | - Accepting the uncertainty of science - Teaching the principle of scientific uncertainty to all stakeholders and policy makers |
3 | Decision-Making under Uncertain Conditions: The Internist, as a Director of the Diagnostic/Therapeutic Pathway in Grey Zones | Tirotta and Durante [18] | 2018 | -Predict frequently asked questions about the patient's problem (problem, intervention, exposure, outcome) - Determine the best available evidence and make a decision - Perform critical evaluation and information transfer - Patient and specialist consultation - Another doctor's opinion -Referral to another medical center with a higher number of similar cases admitted to specific cases -Consider a collection of patients, physicians, evidence, Gray Literature, socioeconomic context, and expertise in related fields |
4 | Uncertainty of Physicians and Patients inMedical DecisionMaking | Dhawale et al. [22] | 2017 | -Accepting and understanding uncertainty -Effective communication between doctor and patient - Predict the risk of disease consequences based on its recurrence in the past |
5 | Uncertainty and objectivity in clinical decision making: a clinicalcase in emergency medicine | Engebretsen et al. [23] | 2016 | - Analysis of emergency cases - Active questions |
6 | The Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Medical Uncertainty | Wray and Loo [12] | 2015 | - Teaching students the inherent medical uncertainty - Supervising schools to change the prevailing view of uncertainty - Share decisions with the patient - Using experienced doctors and consulting with them - Refer to evidence-based sources - Refer to the guidelines Opportunity to write with feedback and ways such as role modeling to express uncertainty |
7 | Recognizing and Responding to Uncertainty: A Grounded Theory Uncertainty | Cranley et al. [24] | 2012 | - Imagine the situation for yourself - Consult with other colleagues - Search for evidence and sources - Training programs to increase the ability to deal with uncertainty |
8 | Risk, Uncertainty and Indeterminacy in Clinical Decisions | Strand et al. [25] | 2010 | Risk, consequences and effectiveness of different treatments - Severe uncertainty about the patient's condition and ignorance of his characteristics - Unawareness of the consequences of the decision and the side effects of the treatment of choice - Uncertainty of clinical problem |
9 | Resident uncertainty in clinical decision making and impact on patient care: a qualitative study | Farnan et al. [13] | 2008 | -Consult with people around you - Consult with experienced doctors |