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Table 3 Responses to paired items on the pre-session and post-session questionnaires

From: The impact of small-group virtual patient simulator training on perceptions of individual learning process and curricular integration: a multicentre cohort study of nursing and medical students

Empirical dimensions of VPS Instrument

Paired items

Mean difference (Mean U0, Mean U1)

t-test paired samples (P)

(1) Individual Learning Process

U0.1

U1.1

0.37 (5.13, 5.50)

.001

U0.2

U1.2

0.14 (4.69, 4.83)

.007

U0.3

U1.3

0.23 (5.05, 5.28)

.001

U0.4

U1.4

0.31 (4.95, 5.26)

.001

U0.5

U1.5

0.24 (5.06, 5.30)

.001

U0.6

U1.6

0.33 (4.94, 5.27)

.001

(2) Curricular Integration

U0.9

U1.7

0.37 (5.03, 5.40)

.001

U0.10

U1.8

0.38 (5.18, 5.56)

.001

U0.11

U1.9

0.43 (5.25, 5.68)

.001

U0.12

U1.10

0.42 (4.80, 5.22)

.001

U0.13

U1.11

0.46 (5.06, 5.52)

.001

U0.14

U1.12

0.38 (5.04, 5.42)

.001

U0.15

U1.13

0.42 (5.04, 5.46)

.001

(3a) VPS environment

U0.16

U1.14

0.39 (5.88, 6.27)

.001

U0.17

U1.15

0.38 (5.90, 6.28)

.001

U0.18

U1.16

0.39 (5.94, 6.33)

.001

(3b) VPS impact on student learning

U0.19

U1.17

0.24 (5.82, 6.06)

.001

U0.20

U1.18

0.29 (5.79, 6.08)

.001

U0.21

U1.19

0.31 (5.81, 6.12)

.001

U0.22

U1.20

0.27 (5.89, 6.16)

.001

U0.23

U1.21

0.30 (5.82, 6.12)

.001

U0.24

U1.22

0.22 (5.81, 6.03)

.001

U0.25

U1.23

0.29 (5.90, 6.19)

.001

U0.26

U1.24

0.28 (5.97, 6.25)

.001

U0.27

U1.25

0.34 (5.96, 6.30)

.001