Empirical dimensions of VPS Instrument | Paired items | Mean difference (Mean U0, Mean U1) | t-test paired samples (P) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
(1) Individual Learning Process | U0.1 | U1.1 | 0.37 (5.13, 5.50) | .001 |
U0.2 | U1.2 | 0.14 (4.69, 4.83) | .007 | |
U0.3 | U1.3 | 0.23 (5.05, 5.28) | .001 | |
U0.4 | U1.4 | 0.31 (4.95, 5.26) | .001 | |
U0.5 | U1.5 | 0.24 (5.06, 5.30) | .001 | |
U0.6 | U1.6 | 0.33 (4.94, 5.27) | .001 | |
(2) Curricular Integration | U0.9 | U1.7 | 0.37 (5.03, 5.40) | .001 |
U0.10 | U1.8 | 0.38 (5.18, 5.56) | .001 | |
U0.11 | U1.9 | 0.43 (5.25, 5.68) | .001 | |
U0.12 | U1.10 | 0.42 (4.80, 5.22) | .001 | |
U0.13 | U1.11 | 0.46 (5.06, 5.52) | .001 | |
U0.14 | U1.12 | 0.38 (5.04, 5.42) | .001 | |
U0.15 | U1.13 | 0.42 (5.04, 5.46) | .001 | |
(3a) VPS environment | U0.16 | U1.14 | 0.39 (5.88, 6.27) | .001 |
U0.17 | U1.15 | 0.38 (5.90, 6.28) | .001 | |
U0.18 | U1.16 | 0.39 (5.94, 6.33) | .001 | |
(3b) VPS impact on student learning | U0.19 | U1.17 | 0.24 (5.82, 6.06) | .001 |
U0.20 | U1.18 | 0.29 (5.79, 6.08) | .001 | |
U0.21 | U1.19 | 0.31 (5.81, 6.12) | .001 | |
U0.22 | U1.20 | 0.27 (5.89, 6.16) | .001 | |
U0.23 | U1.21 | 0.30 (5.82, 6.12) | .001 | |
U0.24 | U1.22 | 0.22 (5.81, 6.03) | .001 | |
U0.25 | U1.23 | 0.29 (5.90, 6.19) | .001 | |
U0.26 | U1.24 | 0.28 (5.97, 6.25) | .001 | |
U0.27 | U1.25 | 0.34 (5.96, 6.30) | .001 |