Application of plan-do-check-act management to improve first-attempt insertion success rates of internal jugular vein catheterization for standardized training residents in an intensive care unit

Table 3 Comparison of first-attempt puncture success rates

	historic control group	PDCA group	X²	P value
Number of first-attempt puncture success cases [cases, n (%)]	11(55%)	34(94%)	—^a	0.001
Residents in the third year of standardized training [cases, n (%)]	8(62%)	20(95%)	—^a	0.021
Residents in the second year of standardized training [cases, n (%)]	3(43%)	14(93%)	—^a	0.021

ISSN: 1472-6920