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Table 2 Multivariable associations of 4-HCS overall score with demographic and education-related characteristics for undergraduate medical students (n = 165)

From: Student characteristics associated with interpersonal skills in medical consultations

Characteristics

4-HCSb

Mean (SD)

β regression coefficient (95%CI)a

Adjustedc

p

Gender

Men (n = 54)

72.4 (13.5)

−4.8 (−8.4;-1.1)

0.011

Women (n = 111)

76.8 (10.6)

Reference

Research laboratory clerkship

Yes (n = 29)

79.6 (8.7)

6.5 (1.9;11.0)

0.005

No (n = 136)

74.5 (12.2)

Reference

International clinical placement

Yes (n = 47)

79.4 (10.4)

6.2 (2.3;10.0)

0.002

No (n = 118)

73.8 (11.9)

Reference

 

No. of attempts at MCAT

1 (n = 79)

76.7 (11.2)

1.3 (−2.3;4.9)

0.480

> 1 (n = 86)

74.2 (12.2)

Reference

First year examination score

1st quartile [68.3–71.2]

73.0 (12.7)

Reference

 

2nd quartile [71.3–73.5]

78.5 (11.5)

2.5 (1.1;10.9)

 

3rd quartile [73.6–75.8]

76.6 (11.1)

2.4 (−1.1;8.4)

0.717

4th quartile [75.9–87.6]

74.2 (11.1)

2.4 (−4.5;5.0)

 

Second year examination score

1st quartile [51.8–66.4]

72.9 (11.4)

Reference

 

2nd quartile [66.5–70.9]

76.5 (11.7)

3.9 (−0.9;8.7)

 

3rd quartile [71.0–75.3]

77.0 (10.0)

1.5 (−3.5;6.5)

0.851

4th quartile [75.4–87.0]

74.9 (10.6)

2.6 (−4.7;5.4)

 

Third year examination score

1st quartile [38.0–62.0]

73.3 (15.2)

Reference

 

2nd quartile [62.1–66.7]

75.7 (10.8)

1.5 (−3.3;6.4)

 

3rd quartile [66.8–71.7]

77.1 (9.9)

0.3 (−4.9;5.5)

0.916

4th quartile [71.8–84.3]

75.3 (10.7)

0.2 (−4.9;5.3)

 

Medicine clerkship

No (n = 2)

85.1 (2.3)

Reference

 

One (n = 8)

76.9 (10.3)

−12.0 (−29.7;5.7)

 

Two (n = 35)

77.6 (11.5)

−8.4 (−24.6;7.8)

 

Three (n = 75)

75.0 (11.8)

−10.5 (−26.6;5.5)

0.256

Four (n = 40)

74.8 (11.6)

−10.0 (−26.5;6.4)

 

Five (n = 5)

64.5 (15.0)

−18.1 (−36.9;0.8)

 

Surgery clerkship

No (n = 28)

74.1 (13.5)

Reference

 

One (n = 80)

77.0 (9.8)

4.1 (−0.8;9.1)

 

Two (n = 46)

74.0 (13.1)

3.0 (−2.5;8.6)

0.403

Three (n = 10)

71.5 (14.6)

3.1 (−5.5;11.6)

 

Four (n = 1)

80.8

9.9 (−12.7;32.5)

 
  1. Abbreviations: MCAT Medical College Admission Test, CI Confidence Interval, 4-HCS 4 Habits Coding Scheme, SD Standard Deviation
  2. a β regression coefficients quantified the change in 4-HCS score for each independent variable category relative to the reference, with null value equal to 0
  3. b 4-HCS range: [23–115]
  4. c Adjusted for international clinical placement, research laboratory clerkship and gender