Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Population

Health professionals working in healthcare settings including nurses, midwives, allied health professionals (e.g., physiotherapists, dietitians, speech pathologists, social workers, occupational therapists, podiatrists, dietitians), pharmacists^a

Medical doctors only

Health professionals working in non-health / academic settings

Undergraduate students

Concept

Research capacity building/ development programs, research-orientated continuing education, in-services, training, workshops, workplace learning or mentorship

Evaluated programs^b

Fellowships, scholarships, or other new roles (e.g., knowledge brokers, embedded researchers, librarian), research education as part of tertiary course, global research capacity building frameworks and programs

Context

Research or capacity building programs delivered in the healthcare setting in high-income countries (according to OECD criteria) [22]

Programs delivered in academic institutions and non-health settings or in low and middle-income countries