Teaching design thinking as a tool to address complex public health challenges in public health students: a case study

Table 3 Level of difficulties observed during the 2020/2021s iteration group assignments by DT domain

DT Phase	Mean Difficulties Score^{a b} (± SD)
Empathy	3.12 (1.04)
Problem Finding/Defining the problem	2.77 (1.31)
Brainstorming	3.31 (0.97)
Ideation	2.77 (0.90)
Communication	4.46 (0.52)

DT Design Theory
^aStep 1: Group overall scores calculated out of 60 for each evaluator (N = 13 per evaluator). Cronbach’s weighted alphas calculated; Moderate level of Agreement identified (K_W = 0.44). Step 2: Mean evaluators’ difficulties scores calculated by DT phase and group (N = 13 per DT phase). Step 3. Overall Mean and SDs calculated by DT phase
^bScores from 1 (substantial observed difficulties) to 5 (no observed difficulties)

ISSN: 1472-6920