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Table 2 Descriptive statistics (M ± SD)

From: Open-mindedness trait affects the development of intercultural communication competence in short-term overseas study programs: a mixed-method exploration

 

Metacognition-cultural awareness

Cognition-cultural knowledge

Motivation-cultural attitude

Behaviour-cultural skills

Open-mindedness trait

Pre-test

5.28 ± 0.72

3.83 ± 0.97

5.63 ± 0.66

5.12 ± 1.02

3.79 ± 0.48

Post-test

5.19 ± 1.14

4.04 ± 1.05

5.42 ± 1.10

5.29 ± 1.20

-

â–³

-0.09 ± 1.03

0.19 ± 1.17

-0.21 ± 0.85

0.17 ± 1.12

-

  1. Note. △ = post-test scores – pre-test scores (changed scores)