Table 1 Pre and post test responses by participant group

Q7: "I would have a plan for what to do if a patient mistreated a member of the medical team."

Entire Cohort

143

3 (2, 4)

4 (4, 4)

5

50

88

 < .001

Medical Student

87

3 (2, 4)

4 (4, 4)

4

20

63

 < .001

Resident

17

4 (3, 4)

4 (4, 4)

0

8

9

.003

Attending

29

4 (3, 4)

4 (4, 5)

1

16

12

.002

Other

10

4 (3, 4)

4 (4, 4)

0

6

4

.047

Q6: "I would have the right words to say if a patient mistreated a member of the medical team."

Entire Cohort

143

3 (2, 4)

4 (4, 4)

1

32

110

 < .001

Medical Student

87

2 (2, 3)

4 (4, 4)

1

13

73

 < .001

Resident

17

4 (3, 4)

4 (4, 5)

0

5

12

.001

Attending

29

4 (3, 4)

4 (4, 5)

0

11

18

 < .001

Other

10

3 (3, 4)

4 (4, 4)

0

3

7

.008

Q8: "If I wanted to bring up an instance of patient mistreatment with my supervisor, I would feel comfortable doing so."

Entire Cohort

141

4 (3, 5)

4 (4, 5)

14

71

56

 < .001

Medical Student

87

4 (3, 4)

4 (4, 5)

8

37

42

 < .001

Resident

17

4 (4, 5)

5 (4, 5)

0

12

5

.025

Attending

27

4 (4, 5)

4 (4, 5)

4

16

7

.376

Other

10

4.5 (3, 5)

4 (4, 5)

2

6

2

.907

Q9: "There is something I can do to address mistreatment of medical professionals by patients."

Entire Cohort

142

4 (3, 4)

4 (4, 5)

5

55

82

 < .001

Medical Student

87

4 (3, 4)

4 (4, 5)

4

30

53

 < .001

Resident

17

4 (3, 4)

4 (4, 5)

0

8

9

.003

Attending

29

4 (3, 4)

4 (4, 5)

0

14

15

 < .001

Other

9

3 (2, 5)

4 (3, 4)

1

3

5

.095

Q10: "Mistreatment of the medical team by patients has an impact on the quality of patient care."

Entire Cohort

141

5 (4, 5)

5 (5, 5)

10

106

25

.011

Medical Student

86

5 (4, 5)

5 (5, 5)

6

66

14

.066

Resident

17

5 (4, 5)

5 (5, 5)

0

14

3

.083

Attending

29

5 (4, 5)

5 (4, 5)

4

20

5

.790

Other

9

5 (4, 5)

5 (5, 5)

0

6

3

.083

Q11: "I am aware of an institutional procedure for addressing mistreatment of medical professionals by patients."

Entire Cohort

143

2 (1, 3)

4 (3, 4)

5

33

105

 < .001

Medical Student

87

2 (1, 2)

4 (3, 5)

1

10

76

 < .001

Resident

17

2 (2, 3)

4 (3, 4)

0

7

10

.002

Attending

29

3 (2, 4)

4 (3, 5)

3

13

13

.012

Other

10

2 (1, 3)

3 (3, 3)

1

3

6

.051

Q12: "I would be willing to speak up for myself if I was being mistreated by a patient."

Entire Cohort

141

4 (3, 4)

4 (4, 5)

8

63

70

 < .001

Medical Student

86

3 (3, 4)

4 (3, 4)

6

33

47

 < .001

Resident

17

4 (4, 4)

4 (4, 5)

1

10

6

.059

Attending

29

4 (4, 4)

5 (4, 5)

1

17

11

.004

Other

9

3 (3, 4)

4 (4, 4)

0

3

6

.014

Q13: "I would be willing to speak up for others if I witnessed them being mistreated by a patient."

Entire Cohort

143

4 (4, 4)

4 (4, 5)

4

82

57

 < .001

Medical Student

87

4 (3, 4)

4 (4, 5)

3

48

36

 < .001

Resident

17

4 (4, 5)

5 (4, 5)

0

10

7

.008

Attending

29

4 (4, 5)

5 (4, 5)

1

18

10

.007

Other

10

4 (4, 5)

4.5 (4, 5)

0

6

4

.046

Q14: "I would feel comfortable de-escalating a hostile patient."

Entire Cohort

120

3 (2, 4)

4 (3, 4)

8

48

64

 < .001

Medical Student

81

2 (2, 3)

3 (3, 4)

3

28

50

 < .001

Resident

6

4 (3, 4)

4 (4, 4)

1

3

2

.493

Attending

25

4 (3, 4)

4 (4, 4)

3

11

11

.030

Other

8

4 (3, 4)

4 (3, 4)

1

6

1

1.000

Q15: "I am aware of evidence-based strategies for de-escalating a hostile patient."

Entire Cohort

120

2 (1, 3)

3 (2, 4)

3

28

89

 < .001

Medical Student

81

1 (1, 2)

3 (2, 4)

2

16

63

 < .001

Resident

6

3 (3, 4)

4 (4, 5)

0

3

3

.086

Attending

25

3 (2, 3)

4 (4, 4)

0

7

18

 < .001

Other

8

3 (2, 4)

4 (3, 4.5)

1

2

5

.094