Table 1 Characteristics of the 124 publications included in the scoping review
Characteristic of the publication | Number (percentage) |
|---|---|
Year of publication | |
 1990-1999 | 27 (22%) |
 2000-2009 | 46 (37%) |
 2010-2021 | 51 (41%) |
Continents and countriesa | |
 Asia | 45 (36.3%) |
  China (16), Saudi Arabia (12), Egypt, India, Nepal and United Arab Emirates (2) and otherb nine countries (1) | |
 North America | 39 (31.5%) |
  United States of America (27) and Canada (12) | |
 Europe | 22 (17.7%) |
  Turkey (5), Germany and United Kingdom (4), Spain (3), France (2) and otherc four countries (1) | |
 Africa | 7 (5.6%) |
  South Africa (4), Botswana, Ghana and Uganda (1) | |
 Oceania | 6 (4.8%) |
  Australia (5) and New Zealand (1) | |
 South America | 5 (4.0%) |
  México (2), Argentina, Chile and Trinidad & Tobago (1) | |
Study population | |
 Students | 94 (75.8%) |
 Students and tutors | 16 (12.9%) |
 Tutors | 6 (4.8%) |
 Not specified | 8 (6.5%) |
Study design | |
 Survey or questionnaire | 45 (36.3%) |
 Comparative non-randomized study | 32 (25.8%) |
 Descriptive experience | 21 (16.9%) |
 Comparative and randomized study | 16 (12.9%) |
 Expert opinion, editorial or comment | 5 (4.0%) |
 Systematic review and meta-analysis | 4 (3.2%) |
 Narrative review | 1 (0.8%) |
Comparator | |
 Without comparison | 66 (53.2%) |
 With traditional or lecture-based learning | 56 (45.2%) |
 With simulation | 2 (1.6%) |
Main Outcomed | |
 Performance | 56 (45.2%) |
 Student satisfaction | 36 (29.0%) |
 Knowledge retention | 15 (12.1%) |
 Not specified | 8 (6.5%) |
 Tutor satisfaction | 6 (4.8%) |
 Other | 3 (2.4%) |