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Table 4 Comparison of mean changes in patient safety management score before and immediately after the intervention and also before and 2 months after the intervention between control groups 1 and intervention 1

From: The effect of Flipped Classroom through Near Peer Education (FC through NPE) on patient safety knowledge retention in nursing and midwifery students: a solomon four-group design

Time

Group (N)

Mean difference

Standard deviation

Mean difference

t statistic

Degree of freedom

P value

Average

Standard error

Assurance interval for mean difference

Low limit

High limit

Post-test minus pre-test

Intervention 1 (23)

9.57

2.83

5.41

1.28

2.77

8.05

4.204

41

< 0.001

Control 1 (20)

4.15

5.12

Follow up minus before intervention

Intervention 1 (23)

6.00

4.20

6.55

1.25

4.01

9.09

5.211

41

< 0.001

Control 1 (20)

−0.55

4.01

  1. Test performed: Independent t
  2. the PSKRE mean score in the control group two, the intervention group, and the total control groups in the follow-up was significantly lower than that in the posttest