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Table 4 Self-reported outcomes of perceived confidence, workload and autonomy

From: Autonomy and focus of attention in medical motor skills learning: a randomized experiment

Autonomy

Enhanced

Routine

Difference (CI95)b; p-value

Chest compressions

 Confidence, moderate goal

Mean [SE]a

7.11 [0.27]

7.22 [0.25]

-0.11 (-0.85, 0.63); p = .77

 Confidence, challenging goal

Mean [SE]

6.17 [0.30]

6.13 [0.28]

0.04 (-0.78, 0.85); p = .93

 Workload

Mean [SE]

6.36 [0.34]

5.57 [0.31]

0.79 (-0.12, 1.71); p = .09

 Autonomy

Mean [SE]

8.25 [0.18]

8.30 [0.17]

-0.05 (-0.55, 0.44); p = .81

Peg

 Confidence, moderate goal

Mean [SE]

5.82 [0.35]

6.65 [0.39]

-0.83 (-1.86, 0.2); p = .11

 Confidence, challenging goal

Mean [SE]

4.44 [0.33]

4.65 [0.37]

-0.21 (-1.18, 0.77); p = .67

 Workload

Mean [SE]

6.40 [0.26]

6.37 [0.29]

0.03 (-0.75, 0.82); p = .92

 Autonomy

Mean [SE]

7.75 [0.21]

7.94 [0.24]

-0.19 (-0.82, 0.45 p = .55

Focus

External

Internal

Difference (CI95); p-value

Chest compressions

 Confidence, moderate goal

Mean [SE]

7.09 [0.26]

7.25 [0.26

-0.16 (-0.9, 0.57); p = .66

 Confidence, challenging goal

Mean [SE]

6.07 [0.29]

6.23 [0.29]

-0.16 (-0.98, 0.65); p = .69

 Workload

Mean [SE]

5.70 [0.32]

6.23 [0.33]

-0.53 (-1.45, 0.38); p = .24

 Autonomy

Mean [SE]

8.12 [0.17]

8.43 [0.17]

-0.31 (-0.79, 0.19); p = .22

Peg

 Confidence, moderate goal

Mean [SE]

6.09 [0.37]

6.37 [0.37]

-0.28 (-1.31, 0.75); p = .59

 Confidence, challenging goal

Mean [SE]

4.57 [0.35]

4.52 [0.35]

0.05 (-0.93, 1.02); p = .92

 Workload

Mean [SE]

6.24 [0.28]

6.53 [0.28]

-0.29 (-1.07, 0.5); p = .46

 Autonomy

Mean [SE]

8.10 [0.21]

7.59 [0.23]

0.51 (-0.13, 1.14); p = .11

  1. Answers given in Likert type response options ranging from 0 (not confident at all, very low, strongly disagree) to 10 (very confident, very high, strongly agree)
  2. a SE Standard error
  3. b CI95 95% Confidence interval