Table 2 Modified Fresno test in the e-book and PowerPoint groups (mean±SD)

e-book (n=35)

PowerPoint

(n=38)

p value

Effect size

7.6±2.5

8.3±2.2

0.190

0.297

8.0±2.5

8.0±2.3

0.289

0.000

8.7±1.7

8.5±2.4

0.718

0.096

6.7±1.6

5.4±1.9

0.314

0.740

9.0±2.0

8.6±2.6

0.552

0.172

8.9±1.9

8.6±2.4

0.847

0.138

7.8±2.4

5.4±2.5

0.817

0.979

5.4±2.7

5.5±2.6

0.299

0.037

6.2±3.9

5.3±4.0

0.110

0.227

6.0±3.3

5.6±3.1

0.809

0.124

6.9±4.6

6.1±4.7

0.446

0.172

7.0±1.4

6.8±1.5

0.183

0.137

77.9±3.9

73.9±4.3

0.743

0.974

Questions

e-book

PowerPoint

p value

Effect size

e-book difference

PowerPoint difference

p value

Effect size

(n=35)

(n=38)

Question 1. Write clinical questions based on context to search for articles to answer patient questions.

8.0±2.5

8.6±2.1

0.239

0.259

0.7±0.6

0.6±0.4

0.097

0.047

Question 2. Write three kinds of databases and explain their advantages and disadvantages.

8.0±2.5

8.7±2.1

0.239

0.303

0.7±0.5

2.1±0.6

0.963

0.000

Question 3. If you use PubMed or Medline to search for original papers, what is your search strategy? Include article categories and write the search techniques used to increase the search for the best article.

8.6±1.8

8.3±2.6

0.872

0.134

1.3±0.6

0.5±0.7

0.862

0.001

Question 4. Choose a case to explain which kind of research design is used for the study type of the question and explain your choice.

6.8±1.6

5.6±1.9

0.011*

0.683

1.4±0.5

0.2±0.4

0.024*

0.085

Question 5. What articles related to your problem were found? P: I: C: O:

9.1±1.9

8.9±2.5

0.886

0.09

-0.3±0.4

-0.1±0.6

0.365

0.014

Question 6. What are the research methods for the articles found, such as select patients, allocation, attrition, analysis, etc.?

8.8±2.1

8.5±2.6

0.737

0.126

2.0±0.9

1.8±0.8

0.790

0.001

Question 7. How are the important results expressed for the articles found, such as p-value, odds ratio or mean difference, 95% CI, effect size, etc.?

7.5±2.5

5.9±2.8

0.023*

0.602

0.8±0.6

-0.8±0.7

0.107

0.044

Question 8. There are articles describing the diagnosis of biliary obstruction and hepatitis patients; 200 patients have yellow gallbladder, 100 patients were later confirmed to have biliary obstruction, with 70 patients having an ultrasound gallbladder length less than 1.5 cm, and the ultrasound gallbladder length is less than 1.5 cm in 100 patients with hepatitis.

5.3±2.7

5.6±2.3

0.545

0.119

-0.8±0.9

0.2±0.6

0.563

0.006

What is the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive, negative predictive, and likelihood ratio in the diagnosis of biliary obstruction?

Question 9. We find that in our hepatitis patients treated with ursodeoxycholic acid, who were followed for one year, 40% showed a decreased liver index (AST). In the group that was not treated with ursodeoxycholic acid, 20% showed a decreased liver index (AST).

5.7±4.2

5.0±4.0

0.489

0.17

-0.5±1.0

0.4±0.8

0.152

0.035

I would like to ask: What is the absolute risk reduction? What is the relative risk reduction? What is the number needed to treat?

Question 10. Children with diarrhea use probiotics. According to one report, the use of probiotics for unused probiotics reduces the number of diarrhea days, and the relative risk is 0.34 times. We would like to know if this result has statistical significance.

5.7±3.4

5.1±3.2

0.357

0.181

1.1±1.2

0.2±0.8

0.780

0.001

Please cite the number below that represents the confidence interval that indicates a statistical significance of the case: 0.1-0.6; 0.6-1.2; 1.2-2.1.

Question 11. Which research design is the best for diagnostic research? RCT? Systematic review? Cohort study? Case control study? Others?

6.4±4.9

6.3±4.9

0.887

0.02

1.2±1.1

2.1±1.3

0.493

0.008

Question 12. Which study design is the best for prognostic research? RCT? Systematic review?

6.9±1.3

6.7±1.6

0.814

0.137

0.3±0.4

0.9±0.4

0.086

0.050

Cohort study? Case control study? Others?

Total scores.

88.4±1.75

82.3±2.04

0.027*

2.999

10.5±4.6

8.4±3.7

0.122

0.041