Table 1 Definitions of themes in the coding frame
Theme code | Theme definition |
|---|---|
Time | Lack of time for teaching or for learning how to teach effectively, or lack of time for teaching CR in the curriculum. |
Culture | Culture-related barriers arising from established practices within the university or national health care systems, collaboration issues arising from the lack of practice in discussing errors, reflection, providing feedback, and intra−/inter-professional communication. |
Motivation | A theme that includes a lack of financial (i.e. resources to pay teachers) or other forms of motivation or incentives (i.e. lack of support from authorities, low priority for teaching). |
Concept | Lack of awareness of the importance of CR, and/or a disagreement of what it means within one profession or interprofessionally. |
Teaching | A theme that includes a lack of: awareness or belief in the effectiveness of explicit CR teaching methods; CR competency frameworks; guidelines on how to teach CR; adequately trained instructors and leadership in implementing and running CR courses. |
Assessment | Unawareness or inability to implement clinical reasoning assessment methods. |
Infrastructure | Difficulties in organizing clinical reasoning teaching and assessment due to lack of physical space, adequate hardware/software infrastructure, and workflows. |
Others | A residual theme containing segments we could not assign otherwise. |