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Time
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Lack of time for teaching or for learning how to teach effectively, or lack of time for teaching CR in the curriculum.
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Culture
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Culture-related barriers arising from established practices within the university or national health care systems, collaboration issues arising from the lack of practice in discussing errors, reflection, providing feedback, and intra−/inter-professional communication.
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Motivation
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A theme that includes a lack of financial (i.e. resources to pay teachers) or other forms of motivation or incentives (i.e. lack of support from authorities, low priority for teaching).
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Concept
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Lack of awareness of the importance of CR, and/or a disagreement of what it means within one profession or interprofessionally.
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Teaching
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A theme that includes a lack of: awareness or belief in the effectiveness of explicit CR teaching methods; CR competency frameworks; guidelines on how to teach CR; adequately trained instructors and leadership in implementing and running CR courses.
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Assessment
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Unawareness or inability to implement clinical reasoning assessment methods.
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Infrastructure
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Difficulties in organizing clinical reasoning teaching and assessment due to lack of physical space, adequate hardware/software infrastructure, and workflows.
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Others
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A residual theme containing segments we could not assign otherwise.
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