Table 2 Principles and guiding models

• ACGME Competencies - Used by GME Programs to Evaluate their Residents in Training [5,6,7,8, 11, 33, 99,100,101]

• Team-based communication

◦ Integrative Care Conference [102]

◦ Principles of Shared Decision Making [103]

• Communication Skills

◦ Analytic Model of Communications [104]

◦ Principles of Etiquette Based Communication [32]

• Patient Interviewing Frameworks

◦ Instructional Framework [7]

◦ Comskil Conceptual Model- Consultation Components [105, 106]

• Learning Frameworks

◦ Kolb’s Model of Experiential Learning [107,108,109]

◦ Peer Teaching [110]

◦ Skill Based Approach based on Peter Maguire’s Work [111]

• Assessment Frameworks

◦ Miller’s Pyramid for Assessment of Clinical Competence [107]

• Curriculum Development Frameworks

◦ Kern’s Model for Curriculum Development [92]

• Situation Specific Guidelines

◦ SPIKES [101, 112, 113]

◦ Existing Guidelines from American Academy of Neurology and European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS) for Disclosure of Diagnosis [112]

• General Skills

◦ Amenable Communication Skills [114]

◦ Activity Theory and Transformative Learning Theory [115]