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Table 5 Univariable models and multivariable models for dependencies of perceived learning behavior

From: Learner-centered education: ICU residents’ expectations of teaching style and supervision level

Variable

Univariable models

Crude coef. (95% CI)

p-value

Multivariable models

Adjusted coef. (95% CI)

p-value

Corrected

p-value

Gender (female)

−0.01 (−0.27 to 0.24)

0.919

0.14 (− 0.03 to 0.32)

0.112

1.000

Postgraduate year

0.07 (0.04 to 0.11)

< 0.001

0.03 (− 0.00 to 0.05)

0.071

1.000

Duration of training

0.29 (0.16 to 0.41)

< 0.001

0.04 (−0.09 to 0.18)

0.521

1.000

Skill repetitions

0.50 (0.47 to 0.53)

< 0.001

0.29 (0.23 to 0.34)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Base specialty

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

< 0.001

 - Intensive care medicine

Ref.

 

Ref.

  

 - Anesthesiology

0.01 (−0.25 to 0.27)

0.960

0.06 (− 0.17 to 0.29)

0.636

1.000

 - Internal medicine

−0.78 (−1.03 to − 0.53)

< 0.001

−0.44 (− 0.69 to − 0.18)

0.001

0.023

 - Surgery

− 0.32 (− 0.64 to − 0.00)

0.047

0.14 (− 0.18 to 0.46)

0.377

1.000

 - Others

− 0.60 (− 1.05 to − 0.15)

0.009

−0.13 (− 0.58 to 0.32)

0.566

1.000

Skill type

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

< 0.001

 - Chest drain insertion

Ref.

 

Ref.

  

 - Tracheotomy

−0.62 (− 0.81 to − 0.42)

< 0.001

− 0.50 (− 0.68 to − 0.32)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 - Cricothyroidotomy

−0.93 (− 1.13 to − 0.74)

< 0.001

−0.63 (− 0.81 to − 0.45)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 - Pericardiocentesis

−1.08 (− 1.28 to − 0.89)

< 0.001

−0.79 (− 0.97 to − 0.61)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 - ECMO cannula insertion

−1.00 (− 1.20 to − 0.80)

< 0.001

−0.74 (− 0.92 to − 0.56)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 - Endotracheal intubation

0.20 (0.01 to 0.40)

0.044

0.00 (− 0.18 to 0.18)

0.982

0.982

 - Central line insertion

0.78 (0.59 to 0.98)

< 0.001

0.18 (−0.03 to 0.39)

0.094

1.000

 - Arterial line insertion

1.03 (0.84 to 1.23)

< 0.001

0.32 (0.10 to 0.54)

0.004

0.128

  1. The standard deviation of variance components of the multivariable model was 0.24, 0.23, and 0.49, respectively for hospitals, participants, and residuals