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Table 4  F-ANOVA results: Main and interaction effects

From: Flipped learning enhances non-technical skill performance in simulation-based education: a randomised controlled trial

Effects / Predictor

dfNum,dfDen

F

p

partial η²

AS-NTS dimension one: Planning tasks, prioritising and problem-solving

Interaction effect (Time*Group)

Main effect “Time”

Main effect “Group”

1 ,78

1, 78

1, 78

3.34

19.50

0.65

0.072

< 0.001*

0.421

0.04

0.20

0.01

AS-NTS dimension two: Teamwork and leadership

Interaction effect (Time*Group)

Main effect “Time”

Main effect “Group”

1, 78

1, 78

1, 78

4.89

14.01

0.34

0.030*

< 0.001*

0.561

0.06

0.15

0.004

AS-NTS dimension three: Team orientation

Interaction effect (Time*Group)

Main effect “Time”

Main effect “Group”

1, 78

1, 78

1, 78

6.39

18.29

0.55

0.014*

< 0.001*

0.459

0.08

0.19

0.01

  1. Note: dfNum indicates degrees of freedom numerator; dfDen indicates degrees of freedom denominator.
  2. * Indicates significant result. A significant effect of “Time” indicates that there were changes in NTS performance over the time, averaged across the whole sample- the significant interaction effect confirms, that these changes time were not equivalent across the two groups. This means that the independent variables “Time” and “Group” had a combined effect on the dependent variable NTS performance on dimension two and three- due to the significant interaction effect, the main effects of “Time” do not need further consideration. There was no significant interaction effect and no significant main effects of “Group” for dimension one. Only the mean effect of “Time” was significant, indicating, that there were changes over time across the whole sample, but with no difference between the study group. Intervention group n = 35; Control group n = 45.