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Table 4 Characteristic mentoring relationship as defined by postgraduate mentees of Japanese physician-scientists

From: Influence of national culture on mentoring relationship: a qualitative study of Japanese physician-scientists

Cultural dimensions

Themes

Power distance

Trustworthy dependence on mentor

Embracing paternalistic mentoring

Mentee’s initiative within expectations of mentor

Individualism/collectivism

A sense of loyalty to mentor, organization, or colleagues

Family-like relationship with mentor

Uncertainty avoidance

Sense of security on being led by a mentor

Masculinity

Motivation by role modeling for the competitive academic world

Adaptation of female mentee/mentor to a male-dominated academic structure

Long-term orientation

A long-term relationship between mentor and mentee

Receiving advice for organizational continuity

Indulgence

Putting work before leisure

Friendly relationship between mentor and mentee outside of work