Fig. 3

Comparison of students’ quiz scores between the FC group and LBT group after the classroom. Total, knowledge-related and case analysis-related questions were scored respectively. An independent samples t-test was used to compare the differences between the two groups. Data were presented as mean ± SEM. In total questions, t = 3.165 (df = 60), **p = 0.0024,; in knowledge-related questions, t = 1.795 (df = 60), p = 0.0776; in case analysis-related questions, t = 3.316 (df = 60), **p = 0.0016. NS: not significant. LBT, lecture-based teaching; FC, flipped classroom