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Table 5 Student’s perceived satisfaction on wire-bending demonstration after first (T0) and last (T1) wire-bending tasks (Lower scores indicate higher satisfaction)

From: The effect of live demonstration and flipped classroom with continuous formative assessment on dental students’ orthodontic wire-bending performance

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Time

Cohort

Mean (SD) N = 20

p-value

Infrastructure and materials provided

T0

LD

2.5 (1.1)

0.303^

FC

2.5 (0.6)

T1

LD

2.9 (0.9)

0.000^

FC

1.8 (0.6)

Demonstration method (live / video)

T0

LD

1.8 (0.6)

0.000*

FC

2.8 (0.8)

T1

LD

2.0 (0.6)

0.003*

FC

2.7 (0.7)

Teaching method

T0

LD

2.0 (0.6)

0.708^

FC

1.9 (0.5)

T1

LD

2.0 (0.6)

0.466^

FC

2.2 (0.6)

Wire-bending task

T0

LD

2.3 (0.8)

0.005*

FC

3.0 (0.6)

T1

LD

2.6 (0.7)

0.436^

FC

2.8 (0.6)

Efficiency of lecturer and technician during the classroom activity

T0

LD

1.7 (0.5)

0.750^

FC

1.7 (0.6)

T1

LD

1.8 (0.4)

0.198^

FC

1.6 (0.5)

Overall

T0

LD

1.9 (0.5)

0.367^

FC

2.0 (0.5)

T1

LD

1.9 (0.3)

0.011^

FC

2.4 (0.7)

  1. * Independent t-test, ^ Mann-Whitney U test