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Table 2 Multivariate analysis on factors associated with willingness to volunteer and readiness to practicea

From: Willingness to volunteer and readiness to practice of undergraduate medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey in Indonesia

Variable Willingness to volunteer Readiness to practice
OR 95% CI P-value OR 95% CI P-value
Age (years) 1.00 [0.97, 1.04] 0.836 0.99 [0.93, 1.06] 0.726
Sex
Male 1.14 [1.01, 1.30] 0.038 1.46 [1.25, 1.71] < 0.001
Female ref    ref   
Place of residence
Java ref    ref   
Sumatra 1.30 [0.99, 1.70] 0.064 1.56 [1.15, 2.12] 0.004
Central Indonesiab 2.26 [1.46, 3.48] < 0.001 2.05 [1.33, 3.17] 0.001
Eastern Indonesiac 0.79 [0.62, 1.02] 0.071 0.63 [0.44, 0.89] 0.009
Institution type
Public 1.34 [1.19, 1.51] < 0.001 1.28 [1.09, 1.50] 0.002
Private ref    ref   
Academic level
Pre-clinical     ref   
Clinical     1.17 [0.91, 1.49] 0.228
Living withd
Family     ref   
Non-family     0.67 [0.33, 1.38] 0.280
Alone     1.01 [0.80, 1.26] 0.964
Living with children
Yes     0.94 [0.80, 1.10] 0.428
No     ref   
Family income
  ≤ IDR 1,500,000 0.93 [0.71, 1.22] 0.616 1.51 [1.10, 2.08] 0.011
IDR 1,500,000-2,500,000 0.76 [0.59, 0.98] 0.034 0.88 [0.62, 1.24] 0.457
IDR 2,500,000-3,500,000 0.84 [0.70, 1.02] 0.075 1.12 [0.88, 1.42] 0.350
  ≥ IDR 3,500,000 ref    ref   
History of chronic disease
Yes     1.26 [0.95, 1.67] 0.112
No     ref   
Volunteered in health sectors
Yes 1.67 [1.42, 1.96] < 0.001 2.00 [1.67, 2.39] < 0.001
No ref    ref   
Volunteered in non-health sectors
Yes 1.63 [1.44, 1.84] < 0.001 1.68 [1.41, 1.99] < 0.001
No ref    ref   
Family members diagnosed with COVID-19
Yes 1.05 [0.83, 1.31] 0.705 1.06 [0.80, 1.40] 0.669
No ref    ref   
Don’t know 0.88 [0.74, 1.05] 0.164 0.98 [0.78, 1.24] 0.878
Contacts with COVID-19 patients
Yes 1.10 [0.78, 1.54] 0.605 1.05 [0.70, 1.57] 0.806
No Ref    ref   
Don’t know 0.94 [0.81, 1.09] 0.411 1.13 [0.93, 1.35] 0.214
  1. aText in bold indicates statistical significance. bIncludes Sulawesi and Kalimantan. cIncludes Bali, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, and Papua. dDefined as the people living with the respondents at the time of questionnaire completion. CI Confidence interval, COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019, IDR Indonesian Rupiah, OR Odds ratio