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Table 1 Characteristics of participants stratified by willingness to volunteer and readiness to practicea

From: Willingness to volunteer and readiness to practice of undergraduate medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey in Indonesia

Variable N (%) Willingness to volunteer; n(%) Readiness to practice; n (%)
Unlikely; 2496 (51.3) Likely; 2374 (48.7) P-value Poor; 3964 (81.4) Good; 906 (18.6) P-value
Age (years) 20 (19–21) 20 (19–21) 20 (19–21) 0.076b 20 (19–21) 20 (19–21) 0.004b
Sex
 Male 1471 (30.2) 718 (48.8) 753 (51.2) 0.025 1134 (77.1) 337 (22.9) < 0.001
 Female 3399 (69.8) 1778 (52.3) 1621 (47.7)   2830 (83.3) 569 (16.7)  
Place of residence N = 4831       
 Java 4199 (86.9) 2189 (52.1) 2010 (47.9) < 0.001 3445 (82.0) 754 (18.0) < 0.001
 Sumatra 237 (4.9) 100 (42.2) 137 (57.8)   169 (71.3) 68 (28.7)  
 Central Indonesiac 103 (2.1) 31 (30.1) 72 (69.9)   69 (67.0) 34 (33.0)  
 Eastern Indonesiad 292 (6.0) 158 (54.1) 134 (45.9)   249 (85.3) 43 (14.7)  
Institution type N = 4831       
 Public 2525 (52.3) 1194 (47.3) 1331 (52.7) < 0.001 1995 (79.0) 530 (21.0) < 0.001
 Private 2306 (47.7) 1284 (55.7) 1022 (44.3)   1937 (84.0) 369 (16.0)  
Academic level
 Pre-clinical 3925 (80.6) 2023 (51.5) 1902 (48.5) 0.411 3233 (82.4) 692 (17.6) < 0.001
 Clinical 945 (19.4) 473 (50.1) 472 (49.9)   731 (77.4) 214 (22.6)  
Living withe
 Family 4154 (85.3) 2146 (51.7) 2008 (48.3) 0.352 3401 (81.9) 753 (18.1) 0.084
 Non-family 58 (1.2) 30 (51.7) 28 (48.3)   48 (82.8) 10 (17.2)  
 Alone 658 (13.5) 320 (48.6) 338 (51.4)   515 (78.3) 143 (21.7)  
Number of housemate (people)e 4 (3–5) 4 (3–5) 4 (3–5) 0.679b 4 (3–5) 4 (3–5) 0.646b
Living with children
 Yes 2282 (46.9) 1153 (50.5) 1129 (49.5) 0.341 1879 (82.3) 403 (17.7) 0.112
 No 2588 (53.1) 1343 (51.9) 1245 (48.1)   2085 (80.6) 503 (19.4)  
Living with elderly
 Yes 1155 (23.7) 603 (52.2) 552 (47.8) 0.457 936 (81.0) 219 (19.0) 0.721
 No 3715 (76.3) 1893 (51.0) 1822 (49.0)   3028 (81.5) 687 (18.5)  
Marital status
 Married 21 (0.4) 13 (61.9) 8 (38.1) 0.233f 16 (76.2 5 (23.8) 0.716f
 Not married 4847 (99.5) 2481 (51.2) 2366 (48.8)   3946 (81.4) 901 (18.6)  
 Divorced 2 (0.0) 2 (100) 0 (0.0)   2 (100) 0 (0.0)  
Family income
  ≤ IDR 1,500,000 241 (4.9) 122 (50.6) 119 (49.4) 0.096 178 (73.9) 63 (26.1) 0.016
 IDR 1,500,000-2,500,000 273 (5.6) 153 (56.0) 120 (44.0)   227 (83.2) 46 (16.8)  
 IDR 2,500,000-3,500,000 534 (11.0) 293 (54.9) 241 (45.1)   431 (80.7) 103 (19.3)  
  ≥ IDR 3,500,000 3822 (78.5) 1928 (50.4) 1894 (49.6)   3128 (81.8) 694 (18.2)  
History of chronic ilness
 Yes 316 (6.5) 165 (52.2) 151 (47.8) 0.723 243 (76.9) 73 (23.1) 0.034
 No 4554 (93.5) 2331 (51.2) 2223 (48.8)   3721 (81.7) 833 (18.3)  
Volunteered in health sectors
 Yes 864 (17.7) 323 (37.4) 541 (62.6) < 0.001 594 (68.8) 270 (31.3) < 0.001
 No 4006 (82.3) 2173 (54.2) 1833 (45.8)   3370 (84.1) 636 (15.9)  
Volunteered in non-health sectors
 Yes 3149 (64.7) 1454 (46.2) 1695 (53.8) < 0.001 2460 (78.1) 689 (21.9) < 0.001
 No 1721 (35.3) 1042 (60.5) 679 (39.5)   1504 (87.4) 217 (12.6)  
Family members diagnosed with COVID-19
 Yes 387 (7.9) 182 (47.0) 205 (53.0) 0.057 302 (78.0) 85 (22.0) 0.200
 No 3831 (78.7) 1958 (51.1) 1873 (48.9)   3132 (81.8) 699 (18.2)  
 Don’t know 652 (13.4) 356 (54.6) 296 (45.4)   530 (81.3) 122 (18.7)  
Physical contacts with COVID-19 patients
 Yes 167 (3.4) 72 (43.1) 95 (56.9) 0.060 127 (76.0) 40 (24.0) 0.045
 No 3618 (74.3) 1850 (51.1) 1768 (48.9)   2971 (82.1) 647 (17.9)  
 Don’t know 1085 (22.3) 574 (52.9) 511 (47.1)   866 (79.8) 219 (20.2)  
Had been a COVID-19 patient
 Yesg 33 (0.7) 13 (39.4) 20 (60.6) 0.228 24 (72.7) 9 (27.3) 0.301
 No 3990 (81.9) 2062 (51.7) 1928 (48.3)   3259 (81.7) 731 (18.3)  
 Don’t know 847 (17.4) 421 (49.7) 426 (50.3)   681 (80.4) 166 (19.6)  
  1. aUnless otherwise stated, data are presented in n (%), mean ± standard deviation, or median (interquartile range), and analysed with chi-square tests; text in bold indicates statistical significance. bStatistical significance derived from Mann-Whitney U test. cIncludes Sulawesi and Kalimantan. dIncludes Bali, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, and Papua. eDefined as the people living with the respondents at the time of questionnaire completion. fStatistical significance derived from Monte Carlo exact method. gIncludes both confirmed and unconfirmed (suspected or probable) cases. COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019, IDR Indonesian Rupiah
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