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Table 2 Descriptive statistics of items in the Korean Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ)

From: A validation study of the Korean version of the Toronto empathy questionnaire for the measurement of medical students’ empathy

item

M

SD

Skewness

Kurtosis

1. When someone else is feeling excited, I tend to get excited too.

3.13

0.83

−1.02

1.28

2. Other people’s misfortunes do not disturb me a great deal.

2.95

0.89

−0.85

0.76

3. It upsets me to see someone being treated disrespectfully.

3.37

0.79

−1.68

4.08

4. I remain unaffected when someone close to me is happy.

2.92

0.84

−0.74

0.43

5. I enjoy making other people feel better.

3.06

0.77

−0.58

0.30

6. I have tender, concerned feelings for people less fortunate than me.

2.97

0.82

−0.78

0.83

7. When a friend starts to talk about his/her problems, I try to steer the conversation towards something else.

3.38

0.78

−1.43

2.57

8. I can tell when others are sad even when they do not say anything.

2.70

0.87

−0.42

−0.09

9. I find that I am “in tune” with other people’s moods.

2.94

0.83

−0.57

0.09

10. I do not feel sympathy for people who cause their own serious illnesses.

2.41

1.06

−0.32

−0.66

11. I become irritated when someone cries.

3.06

0.92

−0.74

−0.01

12. I am not really interested in how other people feel.

2.73

1.04

−0.59

−0.44

13. I get a strong urge to help when I see someone who is upset.

2.28

0.97

−0.23

−0.45

14. When I see someone being treated unfairly, I do not feel very much pity for them.

3.27

0.75

−1.06

1.62

15. I find it silly for people to cry out of happiness.

3.38

0.83

−1.38

1.75

16. When I see someone being taken advantage of, I feel kind of protective towards him/her.

2.75

0.84

−0.45

0.12

Total

44.58

7.36

−0.32

−0.26

  1. Notes: Responses to items 2, 4, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, and 15 (negatively worded items) were reversed coded to calculate means and total scores