Table 3 Odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) for the association between sleep deprivation groups and high quality of life, mental symptoms, and DREEM scores
| Â | Crude | Adjusted | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | Q1 ≤ 2 h | Q2-Q3 3 and 4 h | Q4 >  4 h | Q1 ≤ 2 h | Q2-Q3 3 and 4 h | Q4 >  4 h |
WHOQOL | ||||||
 Physical | Ref (1.0) | 0.61 (0.48–0.77) | 0.36 (0.26–0.49) | Ref (1.0) | 0.61 (0.48–0.78) | 0.36 (0.26–0.49) |
 Psychological | Ref (1.0) | 0.63 (0.49–0.80) | 0.41 (0.30–0.55) | Ref (1.0) | 0.62 (0.49–0.80) | 0.41 (0.30–0.55) 0.56 (0.41–0.77) |
 Social Relationships | Ref (1.0) | 0.70 (0.55–0.89) | 0.58 (0.42–0.78) | Ref (1.0) | 0.68 (0.54–0.87) | |
 Environment | Ref (1.0) | 0.88 (0.69–1.11) | 0.45 (0.33–0.62) | Ref (1.0) | 0.84 (0.66–1.07) | 0.44 (0.32–0.60) |
VERAS-Q | ||||||
 Time use | Ref (1.0) | 0.69 (0.54–0.87) | 0.37 (0.27–0.50) | Ref (1.0) | 0.68 (0.54–0.87) | 0.36 (0.27–0.50) |
 Psychological | Ref (1.0) | 0.58 (0.46–0.74) | 0.44 (0.32–0.60) | Ref (1.0) | 0.58 (0.45–0.74) | 0.44 (0.32–0.60) |
 Physical | Ref (1.0) | 0.71 (0.56–0.90) | 0.38 (0.28–0.52) | Ref (1.0) | 0.69 (0.54–0.88) | 0.37 (0.27–0.51) |
 Environment | Ref (1.0) | 0.85 (0.67–1.07) | 0.65 (0.48–0.88) | Ref (1.0) | 0.81 (0.63–1.03) | 0.62 (0.46–0.85) |
Quality of life | ||||||
 Overall | Ref (1.0) | 0.97 (0.75–1.25) | 0.76 (0.55–1.04) | Ref (1.0) | 0.94 (0.73–1.21) | 0.74 (0.54–1.01) |
 Medical school-related | Ref (1.0) | 0.73 (0.58–0.93) | 0.45 (0.33–0.62) | Ref (1.0) | 0.71 (0.56–0.91) | 0.44 (0.32–0.60) |
Mental symptoms | ||||||
 BDI | Ref (1.0) | 1.47 (1.16–1.86) | 2.99 (2.16–4.14) | Ref (1.0) | 1.46 (1.15–1.86) | 3.01 (2.16–4.19) |
 Anxiety-state | Ref (1.0) | 1.07 (0.85–1.36) | 1.95 (1.42–2.67) | Ref (1.0) | 1.07 (0.84–1.36) | 1.94 (1.42–2.67) |
 Anxiety-trait | Ref (1.0) | 1.56 (1.23–1.98) | 2.62 (1.90–3.60) | Ref (1.0) | 1.55 (1.22–1.98) | 2.63 (1.90–3.64) |
DREEM | ||||||
 Perceptions of learning | Ref (1.0) | 0.81 (0.64–1.02) | 0.63 (0.46–0.86) | Ref (1.0) | 0.79 (0.62–0.9998) | 0.62 (0.45–0.84) |
 Perception of teachers | Ref (1.0) | 1.07 (0.84–1.36) | 0.71 (0.53–0.97) | Ref (1.0) | 1.04 (0.81–1.32) | 0.70 (0.51–0.96) |
 Perceptions of atmosphere | Ref (1.0) | 0.80 (0.63–1.02) | 0.46 (0.34–0.63) | Ref (1.0) | 0.80 (0.63–1.02) | 0.46 (0.34–0.63) |
 Academic self-perceptions | Ref (1.0) | 0.92 (0.73–1.17) | 0.53 (0.39–0.73) | Ref (1.0) | 0.91 (0.72–1.16) | 0.53 (0.39–0.72) |
 Social self-perceptions | Ref (1.0) | 0.72 (0.57–0.91) | 0.46 (0.33–0.62) | Ref (1.0) | 0.71 (0.56–0.90) | 0.45 (0.33–0.62) |
 Global | Ref (1.0) | 0.90 (0.71–1.14) | 0.44 (0.32–0.61) | Ref (1.0) | 0.89 (0.70–1.13) | 0.44 (0.32–0.60) |