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Table 2 Comparison of total scores, rote-memory item scores, and transfer type item scores between groups

From: The impact of writing on academic performance for medical students

Contrast

df

SS

F

P

ηp2

Total scores

 Writing vs. SS

1

181.849

7.592

.007

.064

 SS vs. SW

1

221.086

9.230

.003

.077

 SW vs. AW

1

40.402

1.687

.197

.015

 AW vs. SS

1

62.599

2.613

.109

.023

Rote-memory type item scores

 Writing vs. SS

1

.025

.006

.937

<.001

 SS vs. SW

1

.129

.032

.858

<.001

 SW vs. AW

1

.835

.209

.648

.002

 AW vs. SS

1

.386

.097

.756

.001

Transfer type item scores

 Writing vs. SS

1

262.310

20.342

<.001

.155

 SS vs. SW

1

295.550

22.919

<.001

.171

 SW vs. AW

1

40.972

3.177

.077

.028

 AW vs. SS

1

103.261

8.008

.006

.067

  1. F (also known as value of F-distribution) describe the probability distribution, notably in the analysis of variance. P (also known as p-value) means statistical significance in the probability. ηp2 (partial eta-score) is an effect size that measures the magnitude of a phenomenon in statistics. df is an abbreviation of degree of freedom. SS Self-Study, SW Summary writing, AW Argumentative writing. For each group, total scores, rote-memory item scores and transfer type item scores are given. Gender and age were adjusted