The impact of writing on academic performance for medical students

BMC Medical Education

Table 2 Comparison of total scores, rote-memory item scores, and transfer type item scores between groups

Contrast	df	SS	F	P	η_p²
Total scores
Writing vs. SS	1	181.849	7.592	.007	.064
SS vs. SW	1	221.086	9.230	.003	.077
SW vs. AW	1	40.402	1.687	.197	.015
AW vs. SS	1	62.599	2.613	.109	.023
Rote-memory type item scores
Writing vs. SS	1	.025	.006	.937	<.001
SS vs. SW	1	.129	.032	.858	<.001
SW vs. AW	1	.835	.209	.648	.002
AW vs. SS	1	.386	.097	.756	.001
Transfer type item scores
Writing vs. SS	1	262.310	20.342	<.001	.155
SS vs. SW	1	295.550	22.919	<.001	.171
SW vs. AW	1	40.972	3.177	.077	.028
AW vs. SS	1	103.261	8.008	.006	.067

F (also known as value of F-distribution) describe the probability distribution, notably in the analysis of variance. P (also known as p-value) means statistical significance in the probability. η_p² (partial eta-score) is an effect size that measures the magnitude of a phenomenon in statistics. df is an abbreviation of degree of freedom. SS Self-Study, SW Summary writing, AW Argumentative writing. For each group, total scores, rote-memory item scores and transfer type item scores are given. Gender and age were adjusted

ISSN: 1472-6920