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Table 1 Academic performance by group and type of final test items

From: The impact of writing on academic performance for medical students

Group SS (n = 46) EW (n = 35) AW (n = 35)
 Total score (29 points) 13.34 (4.54) 17.11 (5.51) 16.54 (4.80)
 Rote-memory items (13 points) 9.26 (1.97) 9.14 (2.40) 9.57 (1.70)
 Transfer type items (16 points) 4.09 (2.03) 7.97 (3.73) 6.97 (3.00)
Type of items F P ηp2
 Total score (29 points) 6.351 .002 .102
 Rote-memory items (13 points) 0.106 .899 .002
 Transfer type items (16 points) 18.616 <.001 .249
  1. F (also known as value of F-distribution) describe the probability distribution, notably in the analysis of variance. P (also known as p-value) means statistical significance in the probability. ηp2 (partial eta-score) is an effect size that is measure of the magnitude of a phenomenon in statistics. Data are shown as mean (standard deviation). SS Self-study, SW Summary writing, AW Argumentative writing. For each group, total scores, rote-memory item scores and transfer type item scores are given. Gender and age were adjusted