Table 1 RIAS categories in this study

Relationship building

Personal remarks, Social conversation, Remediation, Partnership statements, Self-disclosure statement

Positive talk

Laughing, Telling jokes, Showing direct approval, Providing general compliments, Showing agreement or understanding, Providing back-channel responses

Negative talk

Showing direct disapproval, Providing general criticisms

Emotional expression

Empathizing statements, Legitimizing statements, Showing concern or worry, Reassuring, Encouraging or showing optimism, Asking for reassurance

Facilitative behaviors

Providing orientation, Instructing, Paraphrasing/checking for understanding, Clarifying for understanding, Requesting repetition, Asking for opinions, Asking for permission, Using transition words, Requesting services or medication

Counseling/direction

Counseling or providing direction about any topic

Gathering medical data

Open or closed questions regarding medical conditions or therapeutic regimen

Gathering psychosocial data

Open or closed questions regarding psychosocial or lifestyle issues

Gathering dental data

Open or closed questions regarding current dental history ^a or past dental history ^a

Gathering data gathering about other issues

Open or closed questions about other issues

Giving medical information

Providing information about medical conditions or therapeutic regimen

Giving psychosocial information

Providing information giving about psychosocial or lifestyle issues

Giving dental information

Providing information about current dental history ^a or past dental history ^a

Giving information about other issues

Providing information about other issues