Fig. 2

A representative image of monitored tracings in the condition of arterial haemorrhage. This image demonstrates 4 tracings from top to bottom as follows. 1) Arterial pressure tracing, monitored at the right carotid artery, indicates systolic BP (upper borders of signal lines), diastolic BP (lower borders of signal lines), and HR (frequency of signal lines). 2) Respiratory tracing, recorded from chest wall movement, indicates tidal volume and RR. 3) Urine flow tracing, monitored at the right ureter, indicates urine output (drop per each indicated line). 4) The signal line indicates an intervention performed to an animal at an indicated time, i.e. arterial bleeding from the right femoral artery. Of note, CVP was determined at the left external jugular vein and values at an indicated time were shown in the figure. Abbreviations: BP (blood pressure), CVP (central venous pressure), Hct (haematocrit), HR (heart rate), NSS (normal saline solution), PP (pulse pressure), RR (respiratory rate), and UF (urine flow)