Table 1 PICOS
From: The impact of death and dying on the personhood of medical students: a systematic scoping review
Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria | |
|---|---|---|
Population | Medical students | • Main focus on other healthcare professionals and other healthcare students ○Doctors ○Nurses, nursing students ○Allied health workers/ healthcare support staff, allied health students ○Other non-medical student populations • Main focus on patients/family/friends ○Patients ○Caregiver, family, relatives, friends |
Intervention/Exposure | Being involved in care of dying patients | • No involvement in care of dying patients ○No clearly defined patient care experience (e.g. study just explores student attitudes to death/ palliative care) ○Patient population not dying patients (incl. “geriatrics”, patients without specification that they are dying) ○Focus on physician assisted suicide/ medical assistance in death/ suicide ○Focus on organ donation/ transplant ○Personal experience of death of family/ friend • Teaching activities about dying patients without substantial patient care component: ○Simulation/ case-based learning/ hypothetical scenario ○Dissection, prosection, cadaveric studies, autopsy ○Other classroom-based activity ○One-off encounter with dying patient, or non-clinical encounter (e.g. half day experience), as opposed to being part of care team for a substantial duration • Animal studies/ Interaction with animals |
Comparison | ||
Outcome measures | Impact on medical students’ • Emotions • Attitude • Behavioural changes and adaptations • Personal and professional development • Personal and professional relationships | • Main focus is evaluation and discussion of another outcome: ○Effectiveness of teaching/ assessment methodology ○Student’s performance/ knowledge/ skills ○Patient outcomes ○Others • Evaluation of societal norms, cultural beliefs, acceptability, ethics |
Study design | • English language • No restriction on design (qualitative, quantitative, mixed) • No restriction on type of publication (includes perspectives, opinion pieces, commentary, case reports, grey literature) No restriction on geographical location of study or publication | • Non-English publications without English translation • Unable to retrieve full article |