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Table 2 Calgary-Cambridge guide scores for male and female students. Adapted from Kurtz SM, 1998 and Silverman JD, 1998 [30, 31]

From: Simulated patient and role play methodologies for communication skills and empathy training of undergraduate medical students

CCG main tasks and descriptors

Male (n = 9) Mean ± SD

Female (n = 11) Mean ± SD

p (Mann Whitney U test)

Effect size d

Power

(1-β err prob)

Initiating the session

7.96 ± 1.34

8.06 ± 0.93

0.78

0.09

0.05

 Preparing the session

2.37 ± 0.79

2.21 ± 0.78

0.39

0.20

0.07

 Establishing initial rapport

2.81 ± 0.39

2.87 ± 0.33

0.5

0.17

0.06

 Identifying the reasons for the consultation

2.77 ± 0.50

2.97 ± 0.17

0.04

0.53

0.20

Gathering information - exploration of the patient’s problems to discover the:

7.74 ± 1.25

8.06 ± 1.21

0.16

0.26

0.09

 biomedical perspective

2.55 ± 0.75

2.63 ± 0.54

0.98

0.12

0.06

 the patient’s perspective

2.70 ± 0.46

2.81 ± 0.39

0.3

0.25

0.08

 background information - context

2.48 ± 0.57

2.60 ± 0.65

0.26

0.20

0.07

Explanation and planning

10.07 ± 2.2

10.61 ± 1.67

0.36

0.27

0.09

 Providing the correct amount and type of information

2.37 ± 0.68

2.45 ± 0.61

0.68

0.12

0.06

 Aiding accurate recall and understanding

2.51 ± 0.64

2.69 ± 0.58

0.2

0.29

0.09

 Achievieng a shared understanding: incorporating the patient’s illness framework

2.55 ± 0.69

2.75 ± 0.43

0.32

0.35

0.11

 Planning: shared decision making

2.63 ± 0.62

2.69 ± 0.52

0.77

0.10

0.06

Building the relationship

7.40 ± 1.21

8.27 ± 1.00

0.002

0.78

0.38

 Using appropriate non-verbal behaviour

2.40 ± 0.63

2.81 ± 0.46

0.003

0.73

0.35

 Developping rapport

2.48 ± 0.57

2.72 ± 0.45

0.08

0.46

0.17

 Involving the patient

2.51 ± 0.70

2.72 ± 0.45

0.3

0.36

0.12

Providing structure

5.29 ± 1.17

5.63 ± 0.60

0.4

0.37

0.12

 Making organisation overt

2.55 ± 0.69

2.84 ± 0.36

0.07

0.53

0.20

 Attending to flow

2.74 ± 0.59

2.78 ± 0.41

0.92

0.08

0.05

Closing the session

5.29 ± 1.23

5.24 ± 1.06

0.56

0.04

0.05

 Forward planning

2.63 ± 0.62

2.63 ± 0.60

0.99

0

0.05

 Ensuring appropriate point of closure

2.66 ± 0.67

2.60 ± 0.70

0.68

0.08

0.05

  1. Abbreviations: CCG Calgary-Cambridge guide, SRP student role play, ASP actor simulated patient, SD standard deviation
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