Table 3 GCC Pharmacists self-perceived competence and confident for planning and conducting health research (n = 214)
Research domain | Competent | Confident | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Competent n (%) | Moderately competent n (%) | Not competent n (%) | Confident n (%) | Moderately competent n (%) | Not confident n (%) | |
1. Conception of research idea. | 91 (42.5) | 84 (39.3) | 39 (18.2) | 101 (47.9) | 84 (39.8) | 26 (12.3) |
2. Searching the literature efficiently. | 108 (50.5) | 81 (37.9) | 25 (11.7) | 109 (51.7) | 82 (38.9) | 20 (9.5) |
3. Critically reviewing research literature. | 83 (38.8) | 93 (43.5) | 38 (17.8) | 93 (44.1) | 87 (41.2) | 31 (14.7) |
4. Formulating research hypotheses and research questions. | 77 (36.0) | 95 (44.4) | 42 (19.6) | 76 (36.0) | 101 (47.9) | 34 (16.1) |
5. Proposing appropriate study designs or methods. | 72 (33.6) | 86 (40.2) | 56 (26.2) | 78 (37.0) | 92 (43.6) | 41 (19.4) |
6. Writing research proposal or developing a protocol. | 78 (36.4) | 89 (41.6) | 47 (22.0) | 77 (36.5) | 89 (42.2) | 45 (21.3) |
7. Defining target population, sample and eligibility criteria. | 90 (42.1) | 80 (37.4) | 44 (20.6) | 77 (36.5) | 86 (40.8) | 48 (22.7) |
8. Determine appropriate sample size. | 61 (28.5) | 85 (39.7) | 68 (31.8) | 59 (28.0) | 94 (44.5) | 58 (27.5) |
9. Choosing an appropriate sampling technique (e.g. random sampling). | 68 (31.8) | 86 (40.2) | 60 (28.0) | 60 (28.4) | 94 (44.5) | 57 (27.0) |
10. Determining outcome measures (variables to measure). | 70 (32.7) | 90 (42.1) | 54 (25.2) | 75 (35.5) | 91 (43.1) | 45 (21.3) |
11. Ethical considerations. | 102 (47.7) | 77 (36.0) | 35 (16.4) | 102 (48.3) | 72 (34.1) | 37 (17.5) |
12. Outlining detailed statistical plans to be used in data analyses. | 54 (25.6) | 85 (40.3) | 72 (34.1) | 60 (28.4) | 92 (43.6) | 59 (28.0) |
13. Designing a data collection form. | 75 (35.5) | 89 (42.2) | 47 (22.3) | 78 (37.0) | 87 (41.2) | 46 (21.8) |
14. Developing and validating a study instrument (e.g. questionnaire). | 71 (33.6) | 85 (40.3) | 55 (26.1) | 72 (34.1) | 89 (42.2) | 50 (23.7) |
15. Collecting relevant data using preplanned data collection forms. | 79 (37.4) | 88 (41.7) | 44 (20.9) | 91 (43.1) | 76 (36.0) | 44 (20.9) |
16. Managing and storing data including data entry into a database. | 84 (39.8) | 74 (35.1) | 53 (25.1) | 81 (38.4) | 81 (38.4) | 49 (23.2) |
17. Statistical analyses using software (e.g. STATA, SPSS, EpiInfo). | 56 (26.5) | 62 (29.4) | 93 (44.1) | 51 (24.2) | 75 (35.5) | 85 (40.3) |
18. Choosing and applying appropriate “INFERENTIAL” statistical tests and methods. | 43 (20.4) | 69 (32.7) | 99 (46.9) | 46 (21.8) | 76 (36.0) | 89 (42.2) |
19. Summarizing data in tables or charts. | 94 (44.5) | 78 (37.0) | 39 (18.5) | 97 (46.0) | 79 (37.4) | 35 (16.6) |
20. Interpretation of the findings and determining the significance of obtained results. | 80 (37.9) | 83 (39.3) | 48 (22.7) | 93 (44.1) | 77 (36.5) | 41 (19.4) |
21. Preparing a presentation (oral or poster). | 126 (59.7) | 61 (28.9) | 24 (11.4) | 118 (55.9) | 73 (34.6) | 20 (9.5) |
22. Writing a manuscript for publication in a scientific journal. | 76 (36.0) | 77 (36.5) | 58 (27.5) | 80 (37.9) | 81 (38.4) | 50 (23.7) |