Table 4 Career and non-career related responsibilities, obstacles, and factors in career selection
From: Factors associated with underrepresented minority physician scientist trainee career choices
| Â | Total n (%) | Asian or Pacific Islander n (%) | Black or African American n (%) | Multiracial or Other n (%) | White n (%) | P-value | Hispanic , n (%) | P-value (Hispanic) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Foreseeable non-work-related responsibilities DURING residency1 n (% of 4433 Total) | ||||||||
 Raising children | 2573 (63.8%) | 256 (60.0%) | 104 (62.3%) | 331 (57.4%) | 1882 (65.8%) | .0004 | 142 (58.7%) | 0.0990 |
 Taking care of elderly parents | 760 (18.8%) | 130 (30.4%) | 32 (19.2%) | 166 (28.8%) | 432 (15.1%) | <.0001 | 52 (21.5%) | 0.3374 |
 Being caretaker to others | 562 (13.9%) | 79 (18.5%) | 31 (18.6%) | 108 (18.7%) | 344 (12.0%) | <.0001 | 49 (20.3%) | 0.0048 |
 Financial support of others | 1095 (27.2%) | 127 (29.7%) | 75 (44.9%) | 193 (33.5%) | 700 (24.5%) | <.0001 | 84 (34.7%) | 0.0093 |
Foreseeable non-work-related responsibilities AFTER residency1 | ||||||||
 Raising children | 3572 (88.6%) | 373 (87.4%) | 141 (84.4%) | 508 (88.0%) | 2550 (89.1%) | .2215 | 209 (86.4%) | 0.2949 |
 Taking care of elderly parents | 2534 (65.0%) | 326 (76.35%) | 100 (59.9%) | 409 (70.9%) | 1788 (62.5%) | <.0001 | 143 (59.1%) | 0.0446 |
 Being caretaker to others | 1224 (30.4%) | 168 (39.3%) | 51 (30.5%) | 215 (37.3%) | 790 (27.6%) | <.0001 | 75 (31.0%) | 0.8877 |
 Financial support of others | 2152 (53.4%) | 241 (56.4%) | 101 (60.5%) | 338 (58.6%) | 1472 (51.4%) | 0.0014 | 155 (64.1%) | 0.0008 |
Experienced Obstacles1 | ||||||||
 Balancing family and work responsibilities | 1548 (38.4%) | 154 (36.1%) | 55 (32.9%) | 195 (33.8%) | 1144 (39.97%) | 0.0104 | 109 (45.04%) | 0.0283 |
 Balance clinical, research, & education responsibilities | 879 (21.8%) | 106 (24.8%) | 36 (21.6%) | 129 (22.4%) | 608 (21.2%) | .4039 | 60 (24.79%) | 0.2425 |
 Loan repayment | 756 (18.8%) | 78 (18.2%) | 23 (13.8%) | 90 (15.6%) | 565 (19.7%) | 0.0386 | 60 (24.8%) | 0.0138 |
 Lack of opportunity/funding | 699 (17.3%) | 81 (19.0%) | 28 (16.8%) | 105 (18.2%) | 485 (17.0%) | .6972 | 56 (23.1%) | 0.0164 |
 Satisfactory professional development | 375 (9.30%) | 50 (11.7%) | 17 (10.2%) | 70 (12.1%) | 283 (8.32%) | .0079 | 28 (11.57%) | 0.2411 |
 Under-compensation | 263 (6.52%) | 27 (6.32%) | 5 (2.99%) | 34 (5.89%) | 197 (6.88%) | .2190 | 18 (7.44%) | 0.5717 |
 Discrimination/biases (gender/ethnicity) | 276 (6.84%) | 41 (9.60%) | 31 (18.6%) | 46 (7.97%) | 158 (5.52%) | <.0001 | 22 (9.09%) | 0.1779 |
 Not finding position in desired location | 318 (7.88%) | 49 (11.5%) | 8 (4.79%) | 60 (10.4%) | 201 (7.02%) | 0.0005 | 11 (4.55%) | 0.0401 |
Sexual harassment | 49 (1.21%) | 4 (0.94%) | 2 (1.20%) | 9 (1.56%) | 34 (1.19%) | .8339 | 8 (3.31%) | 0.0028 |
 Malpractice/lawsuit | 26 (0.64%) | 1 (0.23%) | 1 (0.60%) | 4 (0.69%) | 20 (0.70%) | .7337 | 1 (0.41%) | 0.6018 |
Predicted Obstacles1 n (% of 3819 Total) | Â | Â | Â | Â | <.0001 | Â | 0.0634 | |
 Balancing family and work responsibilities | 1907 (49.9%) | 194 (47.6%) | 60 (38.7%) | 252 (46.4%) | 1401 (51.6%) |  | 112 (47.46%) |  |
 Balance clinical, research, & education responsibilities | 225 (8.29%) | 36 (8.82%) | 18 (11.6%) | 59 (10.9%) | 225 (8.29%) |  | 21 (8.90%) |  |
 Not finding position in desired location | 358 (9.37%) | 51 (12.5%) | 20 (12.90%) | 67 (12.34%) | 220 (8.11%) |  | 16 (6.78%) |  |
 Loan repayment | 517 (13.5%) | 26 (6.37%) | 27 (17.4%) | 51 (9.39%) | 413 (15.2%) |  | 38 (16.10%) |  |
 Under-compensation | 137 (3.59%) | 12 (2.94%) | 5 (3.23%) | 20 (2.8%) | 100 (3.69%) |  | 13 (5.51%) |  |
 Lack of opportunity/funding | 322 (8.43%) | 45 (11.0%) | 7 (4.52%) | 54 (9.94%) | 216 (7.96%) |  | 17 (7.20%) |  |
 Malpractice/lawsuit | 55 (1.44%) | 6 (1.47%) | 4 (2.58%) | 6 (1.10%) | 39 (1.44%) |  | 3 (1.27%) |  |
 Satisfactory professional development | 98 (2.57%) | 19 (4.66%) | 5 (3.23%) | 18 (3.31%) | 56 (2.06%) |  | 7 (2.97%) |  |
 Discrimination/biases (gender/ethnicity) | 44 (1.15%) | 9 (2.21%) | 7 (4.52%) | 11 (2.03%) | 17 (0.63%) |  | 7 (2.97%) |  |
 Sexual harassment | 3 (0.08%) | 1 (0.25%) | 1 (0.65%) | 0 (−-) | 1 (0.04%) |  | 1 (0.42%) |  |
 Other | 40 (1.05%) | 9 (2.21%) | 1 (0.65%) | 5 (0.92%) | 25 (0.92%) |  | 1 (0.42%) |  |
Most important factors in career selection3 n (% of 3833 Total) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.0003 | Â | ||
 Ability to balance work & personal life | 1371 (35.7%) | 151 (36.7%) | 52 (33.6%) | 180 (32.9%) | 988 (36.3%) |  | 92 (39.32%) |  |
 Opportunities for patient care | 1303 (34.0%) | 132 (32.0%) | 46 (29.7%) | 164 (30.0%) | 961 (35.3%) |  | 71 (30.34%) |  |
 Financial security | 160 (4.17%) | 18 (4.73%) | 9 (5.81%) | 35 (6.40%) | 98 (3.60%) |  | 16 (6.84%) |  |
 Opportunities to teach | 101 (2.63%) | 12 (2.91%) | 3 (1.94%) | 15 (2.74%) | 71 (2.61%) |  | 2 (0.85% | 0.4831 |
 Opportunities for research | 414 (10.8%) | 48 (11.7%) | 12 (7.74%) | 61 (11.2%) | 293 (10.8%) |  | 24 (10.26%) |  |
 Opportunities for community service | 122 (3.18%) | 10 (2.43%) | 13 (1.94%) | 17 (3.11%) | 82 (3.01%) |  | 9 (3.85%) |  |
 Opportunities for international work | 109 (2.84%) | 11 (2.67%) | 11 (7.10%) | 21 (3.84%) | 66 (2.42%) |  | 1 (0.43%) |  |
 Autonomy | 89 (2.32%) | 14 (3.40%) | 2 (1.29%) | 20 (3.66%) | 53 (1.95%) |  | 5 (2.14%) |  |
 Opportunities for student interactions | 36 (0.94%) | 1 (0.24%) | 2 (1.29%) | 6 (1.10%) | 27 (0.99%) |  | 3 (1.28%) |  |
 Prestige | 14 (0.36%) | 1 (0.24%) | 0 (−-) | 4 (0.73%) | 9 (0.33%) |  | 1 (0.43%) |  |
 Opportunities for travel | 24 (0.63%) | 3 (0.73%) | 1 (0.65%) | 4 (0.73%) | 16 (0.59%) |  | 1 (0.43%) |  |
 Opportunities for local work | 19 (0.50%) | 1 (0.24%) | 0 (−-) | 7 (1.28%) | 11 (0.40%) |  | 1 (0.43%) |  |
 Opportunities for national work | 16 (0.42%) | 4 (0.97%) | 2 (1.29%) | 2 (0.37%) | 8 (0.29%) |  | 1 (0.43%) |  |