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Table 2 The proportion of medical schools that have teaching sessions related to each learning objective

From: Global health education in medical schools (GHEMS): a national, collaborative study of medical curricula

LO

% of medical courses that taught LO (95% CI)

THEME

Global Burden Of Disease

 Mortality and morbidity statistics between countries

97.4 (86.5–99.9)

 Differences between the leading causes of death and disability in different countries

92.3 (79.1–98.4)

 Principles of disease prevention and control in a global setting

100 (91–100)

 Maternal, reproductive, and child health of various countries

92.3 (79.1–98.4)

 Nutrition on health

94.9 (82.7–99.3)

 Mental Health in different countriesa

74.4 (57.9–87)

 Taking a travelling historya

76.9 (60.7–88.9)

 Immunisations for international travellers and migrant communities

84.6 (69.5–94.1)

 Diseases commonly seen in certain communities

100 (90.1–100)

 Causes of pandemicsa

79.5 (63.5–90.7)

 Global, national, and local efforts to control pandemics

89.7 (75.8–97.1)

Socioeconomic, Cultural, and Environmental conditions

 Effect of violence and war on healtha

61.5 (44.6–76.6)

 Health inequity

100 (91–100)

 Socioeconomic factors affecting health

100 (91–100)

 Political factors affecting health

89.7 (75.8–97.1)

 Environmental and occupational hazards and ways to mitigate their effects

84.6 (69.4–94.1)

 Future impact of climate change on health and healthcare systemsv

66.7 (49.8–80.9)

Organisation of health services

 Structure and function of the NHS

100 (91–100)

 Major different national health system modelsa

69.2 (52.4–83.0)

 Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary health care

87.2 (72.6–95.7)

 Access to surgeons with the necessary skills and equipment in different countriesb

35.9 (21.2–52.8)

 WHO model of the health systema

61.5 (44.6–76.6)

 Diversity in the workforceb

41 (25.6–57.9)

 Differences between community and hospital-based staffb

69.2 (52.4–83.0)

 Inequity of distribution of health and social care professionalsa

64.1 (47.2–78.8)

 Different roles within the multi-disciplinary team

82.1 (66.5–92.5)

 Role of the WHOb

53.9 (27.8–60.4)

 Private Sector involvement in the NHSb

43.6 (27.8–60.4)

 Role of charities and NGOsa

64.1 (47.2–78.8)

 Regulation of research globallyb

59 (42.1–74.4)

Human Rights and Ethics

 Ethics of healthcare delivery

97.4 (86.5–99.9)

 Impact of international law on UK medical practiceb

59 (42.1–74.4)

 Rights and the equal value of all people

87.2 (72.6–95.7)

 How perceptions may limit opportunities for some peoplea

79.5 (63.5–90.7)

 Health needs of refugees and asylum seekersa

71.8 (55.1–85.0)

 Issues of prioritisationsa

71.8 (55.1–85.0)

 Legal frameworks vs Medical needsa

71.8 (55.1–85.0)

Cultural Diversity and Health

 Tackling prejudice views about certain communities

89.7 (75.8–97.1)

 Being informed of cultural differences from people from that culture

94.9 (82.7–99.4)

 How to communicate with someone who does not speak Englisha

66.7 (49.8–80.9)

 Sociology and psychology of the varied responses of groups and societies to disease

92.3 (79.1–98.4)

 Health behaviours and outcomes of specific backgrounds

89.7 (75.8–97.1)

  1. Note: LOs learning objectives. aLOs that are covered by some medical courses (60–80%). bLOs that are covered by few medical courses (< 60%)