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Table 3 Results of perception survey in the three groups. Full score of perception survey is 35. cKruskal-Walis H. *p < 0.05

From: Can virtual reality improve traditional anatomy education programmes? A mixed-methods study on the use of a 3D skull model

  

VR skulls

(N = 25)

Cadaveric skulls

(N = 25)

Atlas

(N = 23)

p-value

Enjoyment

Enjoyable

4 [3–5]

4 [3–5]

2 [1–3]

< 0.001c,*

 

Interest

4 [3–5]

3 [3–4.5]

2 [1–3]

< 0.001c,*

Authenticity

 

3 [2.5–4]

3 [3–4]

2 [1–3]

0.001c,*

Learning Efficiency

Memorize

3 [2–4]

3 [3–4]

2 [1–4]

0.029c,*

 

Spatial

4 [4–5]

4 [3–4.5]

1 [1–3]

< 0.001c,*

Attitude

 

3 [2–3]

3 [2–4]

1 [1–2]

< 0.001c,*

Intention to use

 

3 [2–4]

4 [2.5–4]

1 [1–2]

< 0.001c,*

Total

 

26 [19–30]

25 [19.5–29.5]

12 [9–20]

< 0.001c,*