Table 3 Fresno test score (n = 49) based on the results of the paired samples t-test
Item # | Area of knowledge | Test | Mean (95% CI) | SD | T value | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 A & B | Formulation of clinical questions (PICO format) | Pre-test | 7.28 (6.58–7.980) | 2.44 | 1.196 | .24(ns) |
Post-test | 7.84 (6.84–8.84) | 3.49 | ||||
2 | Sources of evidence | Pre-test | 3.51 (2.84–4.18) | 2.33 | 1.741 | .08(ns) |
Post-test | 4.16 (3.34–4.99) | 2.88 | ||||
3 | Searching strategies | Pre-test | 4.57 (3.33–5.81) | 4.32 | 2.355 | .02* |
Post-test | 6.37 (4.66–8.08) | 5.95 | ||||
4 | Study design | Pre-test | 10.65 (9.19–12.11) | 5.09 | 1.271 | .21(ns) |
Post-test | 11.57 (9.94–13.20) | 5.68 | ||||
5 | Relevance | Pre-test | 1.63 (.84–2.43) | 2.77 | 3.577 | .001** |
Post-test | 3.57 (2.47–4.67) | 3.82 | ||||
6 | Internal validity | Pre-test | 1.98 (.58–3.38) | 4.86 | 2.291 | .027* |
Post-test | 4.16 (1.81–6.52) | 7.64 | ||||
7 | Magnitude & significance of results | Pre-test | 2.94 (1.16–4.72) | 6.21 | 3.326 | .002** |
Post-test | 5.94 (4.17–7.71) | 6.17 | ||||
8 | Statistical values of diagnosis studies (sensitivity, specificity, and LR) | Pre-test | .49 (−.11–1.09) | 2.10 | 7.247 | .000** |
Post-test | 4.41 (3.38–5.44) | 3.58 | ||||
9 | Statistical values of therapy studies (ARR, RRR, and NNT) | Pre-test | 1.47 (.33–.61) | 3.97 | 2.424 | .019* |
Post-test | 3.35 (2.08–4.62) | 4.42 | ||||
10 | Confidence interval estimation | Pre-test | .33 (.01–.64) | 1.11 | 1.950 | .058(ns) |
Post-test | .74 (.26–1.23) | 1.58 | ||||
11 | Best study design for diagnosis | Pre-test | 1.96 (1.38–2.54) | 2.02 | 3.947 | .000** |
Post-test | 3.34 (2.89–3.81) | 1.49 | ||||
12 | Best study design for prognosis | Pre-test | 1.55 (.99–2.12) | 1.97 | 2.549 | .01* |
Post-test | 2.51 (1.91–3.11) | 1.96 |