Table 1 Nurse’ performance checklist (based on CPOT)

Nurse can detect the pain indicators from facial expressions of patient, correctly. For example: presence of frowning, brow lowering, orbit tightening and levator contraction or any other change (e.g. opening eyes or tearing during nociceptive procedures).

Nurse can detect the pain indicators from body movements of patient, correctly. For example: Slow, cautious movements, touching or rubbing the pain site, seeking attention through movements, pulling tube, attempting to sit up, moving limbs/thrashing, not following commands, striking at staff, trying to climb out of bed

Nurse can detect the pain indicators of patient’s compliance with the ventilator, correctly. For example: coughing, blocking ventilation, frequently activated alarms.

Nurse can detect the pain indicators from muscle tension of patient, correctly. For example: Strong resistance to passive movements or incapacity to complete them.

B. Pain Management

Nurse notifies the presence of pain and its severity to the physician, immediately.

Nurse documents the presence and severity of pain in the patient’s medical record.

Nurse implements pain-relief interventions.

Nurse documents the interventions in the patient’s medical record.

Nurse assesses the outcomes of the implemented interventions.