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Table 1 Kirkpatrick’s Framework

From: Critical analysis of evidence about the impacts on surgical teams of ‘mental practice’ in systematic reviews: a systematic rapid evidence assessment (SREA)

Key Outcomes

Kirkpatrick Evaluation Levels

Outcomes

Descriptor

1. Reaction

Participant’s views on the learning experience, its organization, presentation

2a. Learning/change in attitudes

Changes in attitudes or perceptions among participant groups towards teaching and learning

2b. Learning/Modification of Knowledge or skills

For knowledge, this relates to acquisition of concepts, procedures and principles; for skills, this relates to the acquisition of thinking/problem solving, psychomotor, and social skills

3. Learning/Behavioral Change

The transfer of learning to the workplace (i.e. surgical practice) or willingness of learners to apply new knowledge and skills.

4.a Change in the system/organizational practice

Wider changes in the organization, attributable to the practice of MP

4b Changes among learners

Changes in healthcare learning performance as a result of training activities

4c Benefits to patients/ communities

Benefits to patients/wider public/communities as a result of faculty development